Iranian midwives’ knowledge of and attitudes toward female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) (2017)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Bostani khalesi,Z.,Pirdadeh Beiranvand,S.,& Ebtekar,F. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the level of Iranian midwives’ knowledge of and attitudes toward FGM/C. Study Population: Midwives Findings: Only 20.23 percent of participants had strong understanding on FGM/C,while 3.58 percent had limited knowledge. There was no link between participant knowledge and demographic factors. The average level of participants’ knowledge and mixed attitudes against FGM/C showed the need for effective measures to raise midwives’ knowledge and improve their attitudes toward FGM/C. Geographical coverage Region(s):Southern Asia Country(ies):Iran Source

September 8, 2023

Iranian midwives’ knowledge of and attitudes toward female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C). (2017)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Beiranvand,S. P.,& Ebtekar,F. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To evaluate the level of Iranian midwives’ knowledge of and attitudes towardFGM/C Study Population: Iranian midwives Findings: Only 20.23% of participants had good knowledge about FGM/C, and knowledge of 3.58% of participants was weak. There was no correlation between knowledge and demographic characteristics of participants. The average level of participants’ knowledge and mixed attitudes toward FGM/C indicate a need to develop effective strategies to increase knowledge of midwives and improving their attitude toward FGM/C. Geographical coverage Region(s):Southern Asia Country(ies):Iran Source

Iranian midwives’ knowledge of and attitudes toward female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C). (2017)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Bostani khalesi,Z.,Pirdadeh Beiranvand,S.,& Ebtekar,F. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: N/A. Objective: To evaluate the level of Iranian midwives’ knowledge of and attitudes toward FGM/C. Study Population: Midwives in public hospitals in Rasht and Tehran, Findings: Only 20.23% of participants had good knowledge about FGM/C,and knowledge of 3.58% of participants was weak. There was no correlation between knowledge and demographic characteristics of participants. The average level of participants’ knowledge and mixed attitudes toward FGM/C indicate a need to develop effective strategies to increase knowledge of midwives and improving their attitude toward FGM/C. Geographical coverage Region(s):Southern Asia Country(ies):Iran Source

Irua Ria Atumia and Anti-Colonial Struggles Among the Gĩkũyũ of Kenya: A Counter Narrative on “Female Genital Mutulation” (2007)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Njambi,Wairimu Ngaruiya. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: N/A. Objective: To emphasize the importance of avoiding seeing cultural practices in terms of domination and conformity,but rather as site of multiple possibilities where individuals and groups as agents actively invent and reinvent themselves strategically. Study Population: Gĩkũyũ women Findings: Not stated Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Kenya Source

Is Alternative Rite of Passage the Key to Abandonment of Female Genital Cutting? A case study of the Samburu of Kenya (2016)

This study is a Explanatory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Mepukori Daisy Nashipai FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: The study which focused on Female Genital Cutting among the Samburu of Kenya,sought to begin bridging the knowledge gap by evaluating the Alternative Rite of Passage (ARP) intervention program Study Population: Elders comprising men of an older age set,above sixty years. The women’ group age ranging from early thirties to late fifties,and cohort of girls between nine and fifteen Key informant in-depth interviews conducted with officers from the Office of the Public Prosecutor,Amref,County Parliament,Department of Education,Department of Social Services,and the anti-FGM Board Findings: Results indicated that for the few groups that have had dedicated training on the harmful effects of FGC and possibility of Alternative Rites,there is increased reproductive health knowledge,and in some instances training has led to changing circumcision practices (from genital cutting to genital modification). Community members that had been sensitized were able to articulate the deleterious effects of FGC and were more likely to assert that the tradition should be discontinued because of the harm it conferred on young girls. Shifts in attitude vis-à-vis female circumcision were found to be more present in regions where multiple ethnic groups co-exist. In such multiethnic groups,the Samburu community is able to draw comparisons between the health of its circumcised women and that of non-circumcised women from other ethnic groups such as the Turkana. However,since training has only reached a small segment of the population,the majority of the community remains largely unaware of the dangers of female circumcision. This majority segment is firmly pro-circumcision and views the rite as a normal,unproblematic,way of life. Their belief in the importance of adhering to ritual is further bolstered by politicians’ reluctance to confront the topic of female circumcision fearing that they will lose votes. To the extent that Alternative Rite of Passage interventions are only successful when the majority rallies against female circumcision,there remains insufficient community buy-in for the intervention to succeed in the Samburu community. Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Kenya Source

Is Female Circumcision Driven by Culture or Poverty? Evidence from Indigenes of Ikole, Oye and Ido-Osi Local Government Areas of Ekiti State,Nigeria (2019)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Akindola,R. B.,& Abiola,M. O. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: This study investigated the relationship between Female Circumcision/Female Genital Mutilation,culture and poverty in three Local Government Areas of Ekiti State in Nigeria Study Population: 146 respondents in three local government areas out of the 16 local government areas in the state Findings: The findings revealed that FC/FGM is not caused by poverty but largely by a cultural belief that has been present in these communities for centuries. The findings further confirmed that these communities are not likely to heed the ongoing global advice to discontinue the practice hence their insensitivity to the much-publicized associated risks. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Nigeria Source

Is female circumcision evolving or dissolving in Norway? A qualitative study on attitudes toward the practice among young Somalis in the Oslo area (2015)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Abdi A Gele, Mette Sagbakken,Bernadette Kumar FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective:  To add to the knowledge of the process of the abandonment of FGM/C among immigrants in Western countries. Study Population: Girls,Boys Findings: The study found that young Somalis in the Oslo area had,to a large extent,changed their attitude toward the practice. This was shown by the participants’ support and sympathy toward criminalization of FGM/C in Norway,which they believed was an important step toward saving young girls from the harmful consequences of FGM/C. Most of the uncircumcised girls saw their uncircumcised status as being normal,whereas they saw circumcised girls as survivors of violence and injustice. Moreover,the fact that male participants preferred a marriage to uncircumcised girls was a strong condition for change,since if uncut girls were seen as marriageable then parents were unlikely to want to circumcise them Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Europe Country(ies):Norway Source

Is female genital mutilation/cutting associated with adverse mental health consequences? A systematic review of the evidence (2019)

This study is a Comparative research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Abdalla,S. M.,& Galea,S. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Mental health. Objective: The adverse physical consequences of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) have been thoroughly investigated and documented. Yet,we know little about the adverse mental health consequences of the practice. To fill this research gap,we systematically reviewed studies that assessed any adverse mental health consequences related to FGM/C. Study Population: Seven studies examined potential adverse mental health outcomes spanning adolescence and adulthood,7 27 30–32 34 38 six studies restricted their populations to adults,25 28 29 33 36 37 two studies to adolescents24 26 and one study35 did not list participants’ age range. While the majority of studies focused on recruiting women,one study35 recruited couples Findings: We included 16 studies in this review; only six studies examined the association between FGM/C and adverse mental health outcomes as the sole research question. Among the included studies,10 were conducted at the participants’ country of origin. The sample size of the populations studied ranged from 3 to 4800 participants. Only one study received a rating of ‘good’ methodological quality. Fourteen of the 16 studies reported an association between FGM/C and at least adverse mental health outcome. These included eight studies that reported a higher burden of adverse mental health outcomes among women who underwent FGM compared with women who did not undergo FGM/C. Four studies reported a correlation between the severity of FGM/C and the severity of adverse mental health outcomes Geographical coverage Region(s):Southern Asia,Western Africa,Western Europe,Eastern Africa,Southern Europe,Western Asia,Northern Africa,North America Country(ies):Egypt,Ethiopia,Iran,Iraq,Israel,Kuwait,Senegal,Greece,Netherlands,Spain,United States Source

Is female genital mutilation_cutting associated with adverse mental health consequences A systematic review of the evidence (2019)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Abdalla,S. M.,& Galea,S. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Mental health. Objective: To assess any adverse mental health consequences related to FGM/C Study Population: Varied (women,adolescents,couples,adults) Findings: This systematic review documents an association between FGM/C and adverse mental health outcomes Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Is there a relationship between female genital mutilationcutting and fistula A statistical analysis using cross-sectional data from Demographic and Health Surveys in 10 sub-Saharan Africa countries (2019)

This study is a Correlation research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Matanda,D. J.,Sripad,P.,& Ndwiga,C. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Gynecology. Objective: Literature on associations between female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) and fistula points to a common belief that FGM/C predisposes women to developing fistula. This study explores this association using nationally representative survey data Study Population: Women of reproductive age (15-49 years) Findings: Multivariate logit modelling using pooled data from 10 countries showed that the odds of reporting fistula symptoms were 1.5 times (CI 1.06 to 2.21) higher for women whose genitals were cut and sewn closed than those who had undergone other types of FGM/C. Women who attended antenatal care (ANC) (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.51,CI 0.36 to 0.71) and those who lived in urban areas (AOR 0.62,CI 0.44 to 0.89) were less likely to report fistula symptoms than those who did not attend ANC or lived in rural areas Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa,Eastern Africa,Middle Africa Country(ies):Burkina Faso,Chad,Côte d’Ivoire,Ethiopia,Guinea,Kenya,Mali,Nigeria,Senegal,Sierra Leone Source