Internalizing Knowledge and Changing Attitudes to Female Genital Cutting/Mutilation (2013)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Inger-Lise Lien and Jon-Håkon Schultz FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To describe change of attitude to female genital cutting Study Population: informants (a network of activists and a group of Gambian women) Findings: This study shows that internalizing a packet of information as adults,that contradicts an old schema of knowledge internalized as children,can be experienced as epistemologically very painful. Activists in Norway who have changed their attitude to FGC have got information from different educational institutions,from seminars and conferences,from work as interpreters in hospitals,and from discussions among families and friends. Information can be received,listened to and subsequently discarded. In order to design FGC-abandonment campaigns,the importance of the internalization process in order for the individual to make an attitudinal change must be understood Findings from this study make it difficult to argue that attitudinal change will happen automatically merely as a consequence of staying in an FGC-negative environment,where the procedure is illegal and has low status among the majority population. Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Europe Country(ies):Norway Source

September 8, 2023

International discourse and local politics: anti-female-genital-cutting laws in Egypt,Tanzania,and the United States (2001)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Boyle Elizabeth Heger,Fortunata Songora,Gail Foss FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To look at the case of anti-female-genital-cutting policies in Egypt,Tanzania,and the U.S.,how local political situations interact with international discourse and how these policies influence states to chose to implement anti-FGC policies and the extent to which they distanced themselves from international actors Study Population: Relied on articles Findings: The study concluded that by looking at how Egypt,Tanzania,and the U.S. chose to implement anti-FGC policies and the extent to which they distanced themselves from international actors,there was power differences in acquiescence to international norms,going to the heart of multi-level power relations in the international system Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa,Northern Africa,North America Country(ies):Egypt,Tanzania,United States Source

Interpreting female genital cutting: Moving beyond the impasse (2000)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Leonard Lori FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: . Objective: Study Population: Findings: Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Interpreting signs of female genital mutilation within a risky legal framework (2014)

This study is a Explanatory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Lien Inger-Lise,Jon-Håkon Schultz FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To explore the challenges and risks for nurses,teachers and welfare officers in interpreting the early signs of an imminent FGM/C procedure in their attempts to communicate during efforts to avert female genital mutilation Study Population: Relied on reports Findings: The study identified difficulties of interpreting signs to make a qualified interpretation regarding FGM. It was unrealistic to expect that teachers,nurses and social workers have sufficient diverse and contextual knowledge to grasp signs indicating the likelihood of a future FGM-related crime. The cultural and interpretational competence regarding FGM was unclear and led to superficial,stereotypical,generalized and often wrong conclusions in the interpretation of signs Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Europe Country(ies):Norway Source

Interrogating Female Genital Mutilation and Multiple Sexual Partnerships Among Young People in South-West Nigeria: Results From The 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (2021)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Imo C.K,Bolorunduro M,Mbah C.S and Ikuomola A.D FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: This paper examined the relationship between Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) and Multiple Sexual Partnerships (MSP) among never-married young females in South-west Nigeria.  Study Population: Never-married young females in South-west Nigeria. Findings: Descriptive and analytical methods were carried out,including multivariate Logistic Regression. The study revealed a high prevalence of FGM which was found not to be a protective factor for MSP among young females (OR = 2.07,95% CI: 0.72-5.99) and (aOR = 3.68,95% CI: 0.97-13.89). Also,age,level of education,wealth index and sex of household head were associated with MSP. Hence,the need for more comprehensive risk reduction strategies including sexual and reproductive health education campaigns geared towards eliminating FGM. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Nigeria Source

Interventions for healthcare providers to improve treatment and prevention of female genital mutilation: a systematic review (2016)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Julie Balfour,Jasmine Abdulcadir,Lale Say and Michelle J. Hindin FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Interventions for healthcare providers. Objective: To systematically review the literature on interventions improving healthcare providers’ capacities of prevention and treatment of FGM. Study Population: Available published and grey literature on interventions aimed at improving healthcare providers’ capacities of prevention and treatment of FGM Findings: Only two studies met our inclusion criteria. They reported on educational interventions aimed at increasing caregivers’ knowledge on FGM. One was conducted with 59 providers,in Mali; the other one with 11 certified nurse-midwives in the United States. The studies report basic statistics regarding the improvement of healthcare professionals’ knowledge,attitude on FGM and medicalization of the practice. Neither conducted multivariable analysis nor evaluated the training effects on the quality of the care offered,the clinical outcomes and the satisfaction of women attended,and prevention. Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Interventions for improving outcomes for pregnant women who have experienced genital cutting (2013)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Balogun Olukunmi O.,Fumi Hirayama,Windy Wariki,Ai Koyanagi,and Rintaro Mori FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Obstretic. Objective: To evaluate the impact of interventions to improve all outcomes in pregnant women or women planning a pregnancy who have undergone genital cutting Study Population: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs),cluster-randomised trials or quasi-RCTs with reported data comparing intervention outcomes among pregnant women or women planning a pregnancy who have undergone genital cutting compared with those who did not receive any intervention. Findings: FGC research has focused mainly on observational studies to describe the social and cultural context of the practice,and we found no intervention trials conducted to improve outcomes for pregnant women presenting with complications of FGC. While RCTs will provide the most reliable evidence on the effectiveness of interventions,there remains the issue of what is considered ethically appropriate and the willingness of women to undergo randomisation on an issue that is enmeshed in cultural traditions and beliefs. Consequently,conducting such a study might be difficult. Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Interventions to address sexual function in women affected by female genital cutting: a scoping review. (2017)

This study is a Systematic Review regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Johnson-Agbakwu,C.,& Warren,N. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To describe interventions to address sexual dys-function in FGC-affected women Study Population: Relied on articles Findings: FGC-affected women require,but arerarely receiving,multidisciplinary care to address myriadinfluences on sexual function. Research is needed to clarifythe impact of surgical interventions and promising non-surgical strategies including education and counseling. Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Interventions to reduce the prevalence of female genital mutilation/cutting in African countries (2011)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Eva Denison,Rigmor C. Berg,Simon Lewin,Jan Odgaard-Jensen FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: Aim to review 1) the empirical research on the effectiveness of interventions to reduce the prevalence of FGM/C in African countries,and 2) the empirical research on contextual factors that may help explain the effectiveness,or lack thereof,of such interventions. Study Population: 7 controlled studies,6 of which could be obtained in full tex Findings: The result of a realist synthesis would be described in an abstract model explaining how efficacy (outcome patterns) of an intervention varies depending on the particular configuration of its constituent mechanisms and contexts (Pawson,2006). Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Investigation of successful interventions in mitigation of female genital mutilation/cutting (fgm/c) among selected kenyan communities: maasai,kisii and kuria (2015)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Chepkoech Buttia FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: The ultimate objective of this research is to present systematic review summary of the literature about interventions designed to reduce the prevalence of FGM by answering the following research question: What is the effectiveness of interventions designed to reduce the prevalence of female genital mutilation among the selected Kenyan communities (Maasai,Kisii and Kuria)? Study Population: literature search,screening by title,abstract and full text,review,data selection and evaluation,a Findings: Findings showed that comprehensive measures against FGM include; religious influence,women and girls empowerment,community education,girl education,health risk approach,exposure to other cultures,alternative rite of passage involving a reconciliation process,rescue camps,successful use of legislation,broad-based approach involving the whole community (ex-circumcisers,religious leaders,local animators and law officers) and community sensitization campaigns. Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Kenya Source