Is there an association between female circumcision and perinatal death? (2002)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Essén,Birgitta,Birgit Bödker,Nils-Otto Sjöberg,Saemundur Gudmundsson,Per-Olof Östergren,Jens Langhoff-Roos FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Perinatal death. Objective: To investigate whether there is an association between female circumcision and perinatal death,due to the high rate of perinatal mortality among children of immigrant women from the Horn of Africa. Study Population: Perinatal deaths of infants Findings: Found no evidence that female circumcision was related to perinatal death. Obstructed or prolonged labour,caused by scar tissue from circumcision,was not found to have any impact on the number of perinatal deaths. Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Europe Country(ies):sweden Source

September 8, 2023

It is important to know that before,there was no lawalawa.” Working to stop female genital mutilation in Tanzania” (2012)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Chiku Ali,Agnete Strøm FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: reproductive tract infections, gonorrhoea. Objective: To unearth the facts about a myth in Tanzania about lawalawa,and the use of female genital mutilation (FGM) by some Tanzanian ethnic groups to cure lawalawa Study Population: Not Stated Findings: Lessons learned is that the only way of eliminating FGM is to accept lawalawa as a fact and to give information and counselling. Only in this way,and not by force,will it be possible to break the connection between lawalawa and FGM. Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Tanzania Source

It’s a woman’s thing: gender roles sustaining the practice of female genital mutilation among the Kassena-Nankana of northern Ghana (2021)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Akweongo,P.,Jackson,E.F.,Appiah-Yeboah,S. et al FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: This study aimed at clarifying the gender dynamics that underlie social support for female circumcision in the Kassena-Nankana District of northern Ghana Study Population: young women,young men,reproductive age women,and male social leaders. Findings: The social systemic influences on FGM/C decision-making are complex. Men represent exogenous sources of social influence on FGM/C decisions through their gender roles in the patriarchal system. As such,their FGM/C decision influence is more prominent for uncircumcised brides at the time of marriage than for FGM/C decisions concerning unmarried adolescents. Women in extended family compounds are relatively prominent as immediate sources of influence on FGM/C decision-making for both brides and adolescents. Circumcised women are the main source of social support for the practice,which they exercise through peer pressure in concert with co-wives. Junior wives entering a polygynous marriage or a large extended family are particularly vulnerable to this pressure. Men are less influential and more open to suggestions of eliminating the practice of FGM/C than women.Conclusion Findings attest to the need for social research on ways to involve men in the promotion of FGM/C abandonment,building on their apparent openness to social change. Investigation is also needed on ways to marshal women’s social networks for offsetting their extended family familial roles in sustaining FGM/C practices. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Ghana Source

It’s only a tradition’: making sense of eradication interventions and the persistence of female ‘circumcision’within a Swedish context (2004)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Ahlberg Beth Maina,Ingela Krantz,Gunilla Lindmark,and Marian Warsame FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: . Objective: The paper questioned why female circumcision (FC) persists despite eradication interventions and the migration of people to non-practising countries and discusses the reasoning of Somali immigrants on female circumcision Study Population: Somali community,mostly refugees in Sweden Findings: Female circumcision was described,as just ‘a tradition’ that has little to do with Islam. The fear of bringing up an uncircumcised daughter in the liberal sexual morality of Sweden was mentioned as a dilemma. Circumcised women said the health care they received during pregnancy and childbirth was poor while the law failed to take account of the experiences of the Somali people. We conclude that rather than eradication,interventions seem to have silenced and stigmatized the practice due to their failure to take account of its meanings,organization and contexts,including the diasporic dynamics within which immigrants negotiate identities Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Europe Country(ies):Sweden Source

Kenyan midwives experiences of female genital mutilation and of caring for genitally mutilated women in connection with childbirth (2015)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Anna Jerlström,Malin Johansson FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Childbirth. Objective: The aim of the interview study was to describe Kenyan midwives’ experiences of female genital mutilation and their experiences of caring for genitally mutilated women in connection with childbirth Study Population: midwives Findings: Study revealed that the education office alone could not adequately provide the required information on FGM sensitization in the community due to the deep rooted culture. The study further established that there were other groups that could be used to enlighten the community deeply on the effects of FGM. They included religious organization,council of elders and parents through the Baraza. However,apart from the education office the other groups were not well involved due to lack of sensitization of the community on the effects of FGM on girl child education; this is due to lack of good will from leaders,ignorance and lack of time to venture within the community as revealed from the analyzed data. Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Kenya Source

Key points for abolishing Female Genital Mutilation from the perspective of the men involved (2016)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Ismael Jiménez Ruiz FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To detect the key points for the abolition of Female Genital Mutilation as well as the necessary resources for its eradication Study Population: men familiar with Female Genital Mutilation. Findings: Through the voices of men familiar with this tradition,five key points were presented for its gradual eradication: sensitisation and awareness building,team action,abolition-promoting media,focusing action on rural areas and applying educational means before punitive ones. Study concluded that awareness-raising via the combined efforts of families,communities and governments,together with the promotion of health education programmes in demonstrating the complications derived from this practice,played a vital part in eradicating Female Genital Mutilation. Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Key points for abolishing Female Genital Mutilation from the perspective of the men involved. (2016)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Ruiz,I. J.,Martínez,P. A.,& Bravo,M. D. M. P. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To detect the key points for the abolition of Female Genital Mutilation as well as the necessaryresources for its eradication. Study Population: Men in favour of and against FGM Findings: Awareness-raising via the combined efforts of families,commu-nities and governments,together with the promotion of health education programmes in demonstratingthe complications derived from this practice,play a vital part in eradicating Female Genital Mutilation Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa,Eastern Africa,Middle Africa Country(ies):Mali,Senegal,Chad,Djibouti,Niger,Ghana Source

KNIVES OF SEBEI Women,Ritual and Power. Sabiny Perception on Female Genital Mutilation and Advocacy Programs (2014)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Ritah Nalaaki FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To explore the reasons why female circumcision is continually practiced among the Sabiny despite the sensitization done by the government and different nongovernmental organizations to show this community the dangers of the practice Study Population: Men,women,activists and student Findings: It was observed that female circumcision is currently prohibited by the Ugandan government and other advocacy organisations are helping the state in the fight against female circumcision. This has forced the Sabiny to abandon the tradition in fear of being imprisoned if they are apprehended by authorities. In collaboration with the Ugandan government are advocacy programs by NGOs and churches which are sensitising and educating the Sabiny communities about the dangers associated with FGM. The rate of the Sabiny’s practice of female circumcision is reducing. This was because most of the youthful women I interviewed where not circumcised and did not support its continuity. The men’s change of perception/attitude too has led to the practice to reduce because they are no longer strict about the tradition. This has encouraged women to stop female circumcision since they can get married which was one factor that influenced them to circumcise. However,some still do it secretly and willingly in order to hold onto the old tradition Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Uganda Source

Knowledge ,Attitudes and Practice towards Female Circumcision among High school Students (2019)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Bezabih,M Bayu FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: none. Objective: to asses the knowledge,attitude and practices of female students towards female circu,cision among ethiopian somali in regional state of fafezone using a case study of Jigjiga city high school students. Study Population: female students Findings: almost all respondents have knowledge/awareness of female circumcision but the majority of respondents disfavor the practice of FGM/C. majority of participants(72.33%) had been circumcised. Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Ethiopia Source

Knowledge and Attitude on Obstetric Effects of Female Genital Mutilation among Maasai Women in Maternity Ward at Loitokitok Sub-County Hospital,Kenya (2018)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding I,II FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Muchene,K. W.,Mageto,I. G.,& Cheptum,J. J. FGM/C Type(s): I,II Health area of focus: None. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine knowledge and attitude of women towards obstetric effects of FGM among Maasai women. Study Population: Maasai women Findings: Half of the women were aware of FGM’s obstetric implications. The majority,81 percent (n =52),experienced perineal tears during labor,whereas 53 percent (n =34) experienced postpartum hemorrhage. Most respondents,81 percent (n = 51),were opposed to FGM,and 87 percent (n = 31) would not encourage their daughters to undergo circumcision. The majority,64 percent (n = 23),did not believe that circumcision made a lady respectable. The obstetric repercussions of female genital mutilation were well-known,and the practice of FGM was viewed negatively. Moreover,even though FGM is a rite of passage in Maasai culture,the majority of respondents held a negative view of the practice. There is a need for health care providers to educate the population about the obstetric repercussions of FGM via health education workshops. Elders who are the community’s decision-makers must be empowered via education to adopt nonharmful cultural practices. Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Kenya Source