Impact of COVID-19 on increasing female genital mutilation (FGM) in Africa: A study of Tanzania and Nigeria. (2022)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Massay,E. M.,Susanti,E.,& Sutinah,S FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: This study uses a qualitative method to see the prevalence of FGM in both countries which has increased since the COVID-19 pandemic Study Population: This qualitative study includes numerous citations,and a comprehensive evaluation of primary and secondary data from various study sources and consists of qualitative and quantitative research. In order to compare the effects of COVID-19 in Tanzania and Nigeria,the researcher employed a comparison in data and reports Findings: This study is supported by the Patriarchal theory of Sylvia Walby,which explains why men try to oppress and control women as figures who dominate society. The study results show that both Nigeria and Tanzania have seen an increase in FGM amid COVID-19,with school closures placing teenage girls at the highest risk of FGM. The study concludes that the government,private institutions,and other development stakeholders should work together to find solutions to assist communities and families in ending FGM. If these efforts are implemented,then the 2030 sustainable development agenda can become a reality in ending FGM in Nigeria and Tanzania. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa,Eastern Africa Country(ies):Tanzania,Nigeria Source

September 8, 2023

Impact Of Female Genital Mutilation I Cutting On Girl Child Education Case Study In Mukura Kumi District,Eastern Uganda (2019)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Ocen,S. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: The purpose and objective of the research was to determine whether there was a relationship between female genital mutilation and education of specifically girls and women. Study Population: The target population were; the Elders (both male and female),young girls (aged 12-18) and married women. The study population was on the youth and the elderly ones that is ranging from 12 to 34 and 40 and above respectively. The purposed population to be researched was the youth,married women and the Elderly ones this involved both men and women. The youth rai~ged from 10 — 18 years of age,the married women ranged from 19 — 40 years of age and finally the elderly ones were aged 41 and above Findings: The result found out that there was a significant relationship between female genital mutilation/cutting and education of girls and women. Therefore,it could be inferred that female genital mutilation or cutting is strongly associated to the low levels of girls and women’s education in the areas of study. In deduction from the selected areas of study,this research has it that areas with low levels of education have a high percentage of mutilated females and vise versa Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Uganda Source

Impact of female genital mutilation on education of girls with hearing impairment in Gucha county-Kenya (2011)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Kimonge Bochere Muma Hilda FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Hearing impairment. Objective: The aim of this research was to find out the impact of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) on education of girls with hearing impairment in Gucha County which is in Kenya Study Population: girls with hearing impairment and their teachers Findings: The study found that FGM has an impact on the level of education for the hearing impaired girls. According to the t- test this is supported by 67% of the predictor variable Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Kenya Source

Impact of female genital mutilation on maternal and neonatal outcomes during parturition (2001)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Hakin L FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Obstretic. Objective: To evaluate the impact of female genital mutilation on parturition and to create awareness of its implication on women and neonatal health Study Population: parturiting women Findings: The study revealed that 82.7% of the subjects had one form of FGM. The mean ages for the circumcised and non-circumcised were 25.9 +/- 5.9 and 21.8 +/- 4.5 years,respectively. The frequently performed genital mutilation was type II (85.5%). The mothers who required an episiotomy incision for foetal and maternal indications among the circumcised accounted for 43.0% whereas it was only 24.6% for the referent group. The mean duration of labour by conventional standards was prolonged in primiparae and multiparae both in the circumcised and non-circumcised groups,though the second stage was delayed more so for the circumcised category (p

Impact of Female Genital Mutilation on second stage of labour in Primigravida at Omdurman Maternity Hospital,Sudan 2010 (2013)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): UT Ahmed,S Ismail,A Kunna,R Abd Elwahab,N Alfaki,SM Mirghani FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Obstretic. Objective: To find out the impact of female genital mutilation (FGM) on the second stage of labour at Omdurman Maternity Hospital (OMH). Study Population: primigravidae delivered vaginally in 2010 (circumcised women,were included as study group and uncircumcised ladies as control group) Findings: A total of 1961 primigravidae,delivered in 2010 at Omdurman Maternity Hospital (OMH),629(32.1%) were circumcised and 1332(67.9%) were uncircumcised. There was no significant difference in the mode of delivery and episiotomy between the two groups. The study concluded that FGM places women at a greater risk during childbirth,endangering their health and their babies compared to uncircumcised. Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Sudan Source

Impact of Female Genital Mutilation on Sexual Functioning,Self-Esteem and Marital Instability of Women in Ajegunle (2003)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): H.O. Osinowo and A.O Taiwo FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Psycho-sexual,Psychological. Objective: To examine the impact of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) on marital instability,self-esteem,sexual functioning and marital satisfaction of women Study Population: women from Ajegunle area of Lagos Findings: The uncircumcised women significantly reported better sexual functioning and marital satisfaction than the circumcised women (t=9.4,df= 97,p

Impact of female genital mutilation on the millennium goals (2015)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Ismael Jiménez Ruiz,María Pilar Almansa Martínez,María Del Mar Pastor Bravo FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To relate the Female Genital Mutilation as a negative factor for the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals 1,3,4,5 and 6 Study Population: NA Findings: The Female Genital Mutilation is based on gender discrimination,and reinforces and encourages the circle of poverty. This practice causes physical complications that may affect the infant mortality and morbidity,complications in pregnancy and childbirth and there is a relationship between the practice and the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. The study concludes that the fight against Female Genital Mutilation contributes to the achievement of five of the eight Millennium Goals Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Impact of introduction of the anti-female genital mutilation law on the practice of female genital mutilation in Garissa County,Kenya (2021)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Derow YH,Gitonga E,Otieno G et al FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the successes of anti-FGM programs in Garissa County. Study Population: Both male and female residents of Garissa country Findings: Of the 108 participants,53.7% were females. The median age of participants was 23 years [Interquartile range (IQR])15-40]. The prevalence of FGM was 62% with the mean age at circumcision being 8.34 years (SD=2.69 years). Being of Muslim faith was associated with practice of FGM Conclusions: Introduction of the anti-FGM law,and its advocacy by NGOs has led to a reduction in the practice of FGM in Garissa county. There is an increase in the medicalization of FGM in Garissa with evidence of the practice going underground. This study recommends NGOs to have a clearer focus on the method chosen for use in advocating for the abandonment of FGM. Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Kenya Source

Impact of psychological disorders after female genital mutilation among Kurdish girls in Northern Iraq (2011)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Kizilhan,Jan Ilhan FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Psychological. Objective: This study investigated the mental health status of young girls after genital mutilation in Northern Iraq Study Population: Circumcised women and uncircumcised women Findings: The circumcised girls showed a significantly higher prevalence of PTSD (44.3%),depression disorder (33.6%),anxiety disorder (45.6%) and somatic disturbance (36.7%) than the uncircumcised girls. We could not find any significant differences between the two control groups. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Asia Country(ies):Iraq Source

Impact of the complete ban on female genital cutting on the attitude of educated women from Upper Egypt toward the practice (2013)

This study is a Explanatory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Hassanin Ibrahim MA,and Omar M. Shaaban FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To compare the prevalence of female genital cutting (FGC) before and 5 years after the law completely banned the practice in Egypt,and evaluate the attitude of educated mothers of girls toward FGC in Upper Egypt. Study Population: All women attending 2 outpatient clinics in Upper Egypt from January 1 through November 30,2011. The women in group 2 had participated in a study carried out by Hassanin et al. in 2006: that is,just before the law against FGC was extended to ban the practice even at medical facilities who were from the same locality and of similar age and education level as the women in group 1. Findings: The percentage of women who had FGC performed on at least 1 daughter was significantly lower in 2011 than in 2006 (71.6% vs 77.8%,P=0.04). The main reason for performing FGC,given by 42.6% of the participants,was family pressure. The percentage of FGC procedures practiced by physicians was significantly lower in 2011 than it was in 2006 (34.6% vs 39.3%,P=0.04). The decrease in prevalence of FGC after its complete ban was small after 5 years,with little change in attitude among educated families in Upper Egypt. In addition to the current law,a change in attitude will be needed to wipe out this custom. Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Egypt Source