Female genital mutilation/cutting in Italy: an enhanced estimation for first generation migrant women based on 2016 survey data (2018)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Ortensi,L. E.,Farina,P.,& Leye,E. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: The study provides enhanced estimates for foreign-born women and asylum seekers in Italy in 2016,with the aim of supporting resource planning and policy making and advancing the methodological debate on estimation methods. Study Population: Foreign-born women and asylum seekers 15+ Findings: It is estimated that 60 to 80 thousand foreign-born women aged 15 and over with Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting are present in Italy in 2016. It is also estimated the presence of around 11 to 13 thousand cut women aged 15 and over among asylum seekers to Italy in 2014–2016. Due to the long-standing presence of female migrants from certain practicing communities,female genital mutilation/cutting is becoming a problem among women aged 60 and older from particular populations. Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting is an additional issue for somewhat more than sixty percent of asylum-seeking women. Reliable estimates of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting at country level are vital for evidence based policy making and service planning. This study demonstrates that indirect estimations cannot fully replace direct estimations,even though corrections for migrant socioeconomic selection can be implemented to reduce the bias. Geographical coverage Region(s):Southern Europe Country(ies):Italy Source

September 8, 2023

Female genital mutilation/cutting in Italy:an enhanced estimation for first generation migrant women based on 2016 survey data (2018)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Ortensi,L. E.,Farina,P. & Leye,E. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: The paper aimed at supporting resource planning and policy making,and advancing the methodological debate on estimation methods Study Population: Foreign-born women Findings: It is estimated that 60 to 80,000 women born outside of Italy have had Female Genital Mutilation or Female Genital Cutting. It is also estimated the existence of approximately 11,000 to 13,000 cut women aged 15 and older among Italian asylum applicants in 2014–2016. Due to the long-standing presence of female migrants from certain practicing communities,female genital mutilation/cutting is becoming a problem among women aged 60 and older from particular populations. Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting is an additional issue for somewhat more than sixty percent of asylum-seeking women. Reliable estimates on Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting at country level are important for evidence based policy making and service planning. This study suggests that indirect estimations cannot fully replace direct estimations,even if corrections for migrant socioeconomic selection can be implemented to reduce the bias. Geographical coverage Region(s):Southern Europe Country(ies):Italy Source

Female genital mutilation/cutting in Kenya- Examining progress or lack of progress at national and subnational levels (Not specified)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Robert P Ndugwa,Edward Addai FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To demonstrate the value of collecting data at lower levels,and highlights the need to step up the responses and engagement of communities who continue practicing FGM/C even after outlawing this practice Study Population: Women Findings: The study concluded that the prevalence of women who have undergone FGM/C for the period 2003 to 2009 at the national level did not change that much. In 2008/9,on average 27% of female respondents in Kenya had undergone FGM/C,a decline from 32% in 2003 and 38% in 1998. From the KDHS 2008/9 findings,the proportion of women circumcised was higher among older women,with 15% of women aged 15-19 years having been circumcised,as opposed to 49% among those aged 45-49 years,further indicating that the prevalence of FGM is declining over the age cohorts. The 2008/09 KDHS found regional variations in prevalence of FGM – 98% of women in North Eastern Province had been circumcised,compared to only 1% of women in Western Province. In Nairobi Province,14% of the women were circumcised,compared to 10% in Coast Province. Analysis at the Nyanza provincial level shows a prevalence of 35% in 2003,to 34% in 2009 and 37% in 2011 Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Kenya Source

Female genital mutilation/cutting in Kenya: Is change taking place? Descriptive statistics from four waves of Demographic and Health Surveys. (2017)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Shell-Duncan,B.,Gathara,D.,& Moore,Z. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To describe the changes in FGM prevalence in Kenya during 4 waves of DHS Study Population: Women 15-49 yrs interviwed during 4 waves of DHS Findings: The FGM rates apper to have reduced over time. However,there are concentrations of the practice in certain locations,and the rate of change has not been uniform within locations Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Kenya Source

Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting in Mali and Mauritania: Understanding Trends and Evaluating Policies (2020)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): V Cetorelli FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: to evaluate national policies using readily available survey data in resource-poor setting. Study Population: relied on nationally representative survey data. Findings: FGM/C prevalence in Mauritania began to decline slowly for girls born in 2000s with the decline accelerating for girls born after 2005. similar trend is observable in Mali where no equivalent law has been passed. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Mali,Mauritania Source

Female genital mutilation/cutting in Nigeria: Is the practice declining? A descriptive analysis of successive demographic and health surveys and multiple indicator cluster surveys (2003–2017) (2020)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): N Kandala,N C.C.,G Atilola ,Z Moore,D Matanda FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: to generate evidence to inform strategies to address the practice in Nigeria. Study Population: women aged 15–49 years and girls aged 0–14 years Findings: the observed national prevalence of FGM/C among women 15–49 and girls 0–14 increased from 2003 to 2008,and then fell from its peak in 2008 (DHS) to 2016–17 (MICS) with less pronounced decline among girls. However,the extent to which FGM/C is practiced in Nigeria varies greatly across the country’s six geopolitical zones,with the South West and South East leading in prevalence of the practice Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Nigeria Source

Female genital mutilation/cutting in Senegal: Is the practice declining? Descriptive analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys 2005-2017 (2020)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): D Matanda,G Atilola,Z Moore FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: to generate evidence on where,when,and how FGM/C has been practised in Senegal over the past 13 years. Study Population: women and girls Findings: Nationally,FGM/C prevalence for both women and girls declined between 2005 and 2010-11,but stagnated from 2010-11 until 2017 Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Senegal Source

Female genital mutilation/cutting in sudan and subsequent pelvic floor dysfunction (2021)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding I,II,III FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Birge,Ö.,Serin,A.N. & Bakır,M.S. FGM/C Type(s): I,II,III Health area of focus: Results of FGM/C due to pelvic floor dysfunction.. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the socio-demographic characteristics of women with female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) and the results of FGM/C due to pelvic floor dysfunction Study Population: Women who applied to the Sudan Nyala Turkish Hospital Gynecology and Obstetrics outpatient clinic between January 2018 and January 201 Findings: The prevalence of FGM/C was 87.2% in Sudan and Type 3 (50.4%) was the most prevalent,followed by Type 2 (35%) and Type 1 (8.5%). In the multinominal logistic regression analysis performed to show the effect of FGM/C on pelvic organ prolapse (POP),it was observed that FGM/C frequency in POP group 2 was statistically similar when POP group 1 was taken as reference category. In the evaluation for symptomatic POP (POP group 3),risk of developing POP in patients without FGM/C was significantly lower than patients with type 3 FGM/C with a rate of 82.9% (OR(odds ratio): 0.171 (p: 0.002),(Confidence Interval (CI) %95; 0.058–0.511). Risk of developing POP rate in patients with type 1 FGM/C was 75% (OR:0.250 (p: 0.005),CI %95; 0.094–0.666) and in patients with type 2 FGM/C was 78.4% (OR:0.216 (p: 0.0001),CI%95; 0.115–0.406). In the multinominal logistic regression analysis including other variables affecting POP,when group 1 was taken as the reference category,it was found that the possibility of developing mild POP (group 2) decreased in FGM/C type 1 and 2 compared to FGM/C type 3 but it was not statistically significant. However,the evaluation for the symptomatic POP group showed up a significantly lower risk of developing POP in patients with type 2 FGM/C compared to patients with type 3 FGM/C,with a rate of 58.4%. (OR:0.419 (p: 0.016),CI%95; 0.206–0.851) (Table 3). In addition,older age was found to be significant risk factor for increasing symptomatic POP (p: 0.003).Conclusions:Type 2 and 3 FGM/C continues to be an important health problem in terms of complications that may develop in advanced ages as well as many short-term complications as a result of mechanical or physiological deterioration of the female genital anatomy. Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Sudan Source

Female genital mutilation/cutting in The Gambia: long-term health consequences and complications during delivery and for the newborn (2013)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Kaplan A,Forbes M,Bonhoure ,Utzet M,Martín M,Manneh M,Ceesay H FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Obstetric. Objective: The objective of this study was to gain precise information on the long-term health consequences of FGM/C in The Gambia as well as on its impact on delivery and on the health of the newborns. Study Population: females Findings: The prevalence of patients who had undergone FGM/C was 75.6% (type I: 75.6%; type II: 24.4%). Women with type I and II FGM/C had a significantly higher prevalence of long-term health problems (eg,dysmenorrhea,vulvar or vaginal pain),problems related to anomalous healing (eg,fibrosis,keloid,synechia),and sexual dysfunction. Women with FGM/C were also much more likely to suffer complications during delivery (perineal tear,obstructed labor,episiotomy,cesarean,stillbirth) and complications associated with anomalous healing after FGM/C. Similarly,newborns were found to be more likely to suffer complications such as fetal distress and caput of the fetal head. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Gambia Source

Female genital mutilation/cutting in the shanty towns of Port Sudan (2008)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Ansorge Rose FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To develop a programme that would empower the community to abandon the practice of FGM/C,in addition,investigate the practice,reasons,and underlying beliefs of FGM/C amongst the Beja living in the shantytowns of Port Sudan. Furthermore,the attitude towards FGM/C was explored,and the opinions and ideas with regard to a future programme Study Population: Women,Men Findings: The Beja seemed unique in their health beliefs insofar as the beneficial effects of FGM/C were also perceived in areas unrelated to female reproductive health and sexuality. FGM/C was assumed to offer protection from evil spirits that caused illness,and that explained why children underwent FGM/C at such a young age. Assessment of the attitude showed that a substantial number of participants,though still a minority,were against the continuation of FGM/C. Frequently cited reasons were the adverse harmful effects on both the physical and psychological health of the women. Most participants in this study,including the local leaders,stated their interest in a future programme,and their motivation and enthusiasm was reflected in the variety and creativity of their propositions. Many expressed their wish for health education and information on FGM/C. Even some of those who had previously voted for the continuation of FGM/C contributed ideas Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Sudan Source