Female Genital Mutilation in the Balance; Attitudes and Practices in Sudan (2019)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Mahgouba,W. M. E.,& Alib,I. A. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: Explore attitudes and practice. Currently there are several governmental and voluntary organizations working towards the elimination of FGM. But despite these long-term efforts,genital mutilation continues to be widespread in Sudan. Whereas a few positive changes have been observed,these relate primarily to a transition from infibulation to clitoridectomy Study Population: Relied on articles Findings: Regarding the attitudes toward FGM,an extensive demographic and health survey conducted among more than 5,000 women in 1989/90 showed a varying degree of acceptance towards continuing the practice. 79 percent of the women in the age group 15-49 were in favors of upholding the custom; however,The survey established that responses varied according to the respondents’ regional belonging,religious affiliation and level of education. On the other hand,it is estimated that 89 percent of North Sudanese women between the ages of 15-49 have been subjected to genital mutilation. A demographic and health survey conducted among 5860 women in Sudan between 1996 and 2000 by Save the Children in Sweden and the Sudan National Committee on Traditional Practices (SNCTP) showed that 91 percent of the rural female population and 89 percent of the urban female population had been subjected to genital mutilation Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Sudan Source

September 8, 2023

Female genital mutilation in the context of migration: experience of African women with the Swiss health care system (2005)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Thierfelder Clara,Marcel Tanner,and Claudia Kessler Bodiang FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Access to gynaecological/obstetrical care. Objective: To analyze how immigrant women with FGM experience gynaecological/obstetrical care in the Swiss health care system,and to investigate if gynaecologists/obstetricians and midwives treat and counsel FGM related complications adequately. Study Population: migrants women from countries where FGM is commonly practised (Somalia and Eritrea),health care professionals (doctors and midwives). Findings: The study found that the specific gynaecological and obstetric health care needs of migrant women who have undergone FGM were not adequately addressed in the Swiss health system. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Europe Country(ies):Switzerland Source

Female genital mutilation in the European Union and Croatia (2013)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Els Leye,Lut Mergaert,Catarina Arnaut,Jessika Deblonde,Annemarie Middelburg,Siobán O’Brien Green,Anke Van Vossole,Elise Johansen,Rianne Letschert,Christine Loudes and Naana Otoo-Oyortey,Jurgita Pečiūrienė,Barbara Limanowska,Indrė Mackevičiūtė,Ligia Nobrega,Magali Gay-Berthomieu,Magdalena Gryszko,Maria Schäfer,Maurizio Mosca,Monika Bystrzycka,Priya Alvarez and Santiago Moran Medina. Et. al FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Prevalence. Objective: To provide an analysis of the current situation of FGM in the EU-27 Member States and Croatia Study Population: Key informants across 28 countries Findings: Despite the EU’s increasing commitment to combat female genital mutilation,significant gaps remained in the areas of data collection and monitoring; legislative and policy measures; support services; coordination; and intersectoral cooperation in the EU-27 and Croatia. The European Commission’s Daphne Programme was instrumental for the development of a number of policies in the area of FGM,including National Action Plans (NAPs) in several Member States,as well as the creation of the European Network for the Prevention of FGM. The adoption of the directive establishing the minimum standards on the rights,support and protection of victims of crime was an important instrument to support women and girls who were victims or who were at risk of FGM. Thus,even though important steps had been taken,legislative measures and actions to combat FGM and support women and girls victims and at risk of FGM needed to be strengthened. Research showed that to effectively combat FGM,the EU needed a more comprehensive approach which balanced protection,prevention and prosecution. Furthermore,it is also important to work towards longterm behaviour change,involving FGM-practising communities,decision makers and stakeholders in their countries of origin. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Europe,Eastern Europe,Southern Europe,Northern Europe,Western Asia Country(ies):Austria,Belgium,Bulgaria,Croatia,Cyprus,Czechia,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Poland,Portugal,Romania,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,Croatia Source

Female genital mutilation in the Netherlands: Prevalence,incidence and determinants (2013)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Marja Exterkate FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: Estimations of the number of women and girls living in the Netherlands in 2012,who have undergone female genital mutilation (fgm) or are at risk of fgm. These estimations are based upon data about fgm prevalence in countries of origin,data about female migrant population in the Netherlands Study Population: Articles with quantitative information on prevalence and incidence,Women and men(FGDs),Data from national Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) on fgm prevalence in countries of origin Findings: Prevalence of fgm in the Netherlands in 2012: an estimated 29.120 women with fgm reside in the Netherlands (minimum variant). Of those are:  27.680 ‘registered’ women (40% of all registered women originating from risk countries) – 24.430 originate from the 28 ‘WHO countries’,3.250 from the Kurdish Autonomous Region in Northern Iraq. o 14% is younger than 19 years,74% between 20 and 49 years,and 12% older than 50. o About 80% of these women originate from Somalia,Egypt,Ethiopia/Eritrea and the Kurdish Autonomous Region of Iraq.  1.440 women in the asylum reception centres (74% of female asylum seekers originating from risk countries). o 26% is younger than 19 years,67% between 20 and 49 years,and 7% older than 50. o About 80% of these women originate from Somalia,Eritrea and Guinea.  Most of the women with fgm are in their reproductive ages. Health care providers and counsellors need to have skills to discuss the topic and knowledge about the relation of these medical and psychosocial complaints and fgm and be aware of adequate medications,therapy or referral possibilities. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Europe Country(ies):Netherlands Source

Female Genital Mutilation in the Sudan -A Human Rights issue (2013)

This study is a Explanatory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Magied Ahmed Abdel FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To appeal to the concerned United Nations agencies and other actors to effect relevant interventions that are based on in-depth research and hence effectively target abolition of FGM/C practice from the Sudan and wherever it is prevalent or practiced Study Population: Not Stated Findings: It is relevant to appeal to the concerned UN agencies and other actors,ruling out over simplification of the complex issue of FGM/C (Abdel Magied 2007),to provide the needed financial and perhaps the logistic assistance for carrying out prioritized activities,including in depth investigations that are related to pertinent as well as relevant interventions that effectively target abolition of FGM/C practice from the Sudan and wherever it is prevalent and/or practiced. Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Sudan Source

Female genital mutilation in the Sudan: survey of the attitude of Khartoum university students towards this practice (2003)

This study is a Correlation research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Herieka E,J Dhar FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To assess the knowledge,attitude,and perception of the practice of female genital mutilation among Khartoum university students and compare the differences between male and female student responses Study Population: Students Findings: The study found that 56.8% of the female respondents were themselves circumcised. 18.8% of the male students and 9.4% of the female students thought FGM was recommended by their religion. Only 90 (46.9%) female students compared with 133 (59.9%) male students thought FGM was illegal. Though 16 (8.3%) female respondents thought FGM would increase their chances of marriage,the majority,166 (74.8%),of the male students would prefer a non-circumcised female Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Sudan Source

Female Genital Mutilation in the Sultanate of Oman (2014)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Habiba Al Hinai FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: The aim of the study was to delimit the expansion of the phenomenon,identify its impact and motivations behind it and suggest recommendations. Study Population: 100 females and 100 males in the capital of Muscat Findings: This study found that a self-reported FGM prevalence of 78% among Omani women from different regions. The practice is supported by the majority of participants and according to the answers given it is still practiced in 64% of the participants’ families. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Asia Country(ies):Oman Source

Female Genital Mutilation in the UK Population; A Serious Crime (2016)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Kate Cook FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: N/A. Objective: To look at the prevalence of FGM in the UK and on legal provisions outlawing cutting in England and Wales. Study Population: Relied on legislation articles Findings: A review of information on the prevalence of FGM in UK populations follows,showing that there are many thousands of women and girl survivors now resident in Britain. FGM has been a criminal offence in England and Wales since the Prohibition of Female Circumcision Act 1985. However this legislation proved impractical and it has now been replaced by a Female Genital Mutilation Act in 2003 and that,in turn,is now amended by the Serious Crime Act 2015 Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Europe Country(ies):United Kingdom Source

Female genital mutilation in the UK- where are we,where do we go next? Involving communities in setting the research agenda (2018)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Dixon,S.,Agha,K.,Ali,F.,El-Hindi,L.,Kelly,B.,Locock,L.,Otoo-Oyortey,N.,Penny,S.,Plugge,E. & Hinton,L. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: The study’s aim was to gather voices from English communities affected by FGM and voices from professionals (in healthcare and education) serving those communities. Study Population: FGM survivors,campaigners,advocates,health professionals,teachers,community members Findings: The influence of these legislative and reporting requirements on the confidence community members must have in order to consult health services has been identified as a topic worthy of further study. The creation of comprehensive services that matched a woman’s requirements throughout her life was a top priority. Participants emphasized the necessity of understanding how to listen,involve,and utilize community voices in producing professional education,planning services,and formulating policies. There was a need for change to emanate from affected communities; any learning and resources must be co-created and designed so that they may be shared successfully among women,communities,and professionals. Concerns remain on how to define community consultation,how to determine when it was adequate,and how to hear views beyond those of community activists. Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Europe Country(ies):United Kingdom Source

Female genital mutilation in the West: traditional circumcision versus genital cosmetic surgery (2004)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Essén B,Johnsdotter S FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective:  To present the Scandinavian legislation on female genital mutilation and explore the implications of the laws. Study Population: Relied on legislation articles Findings: Not stated Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source