Female genital mutilation in Uganda: a glimpse at the abolition process (2012)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Mujuzi Jamil Ddamulira FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: This article looks at three legal steps that have been taken in Uganda to abolish the practice of female genital mutilation Study Population: None Findings: The relevant provisions of the PFGM Act have also been outlined. It has been illustrated that,although the Parliamentary Committee emphasized measures such as education and sensitization about the negative effects of FGM in the areas where it is practised as effective ways to eliminate the practice,and Uganda’s report to the CEDAW Committee outlined these measures,the PFGM Act’s focus is on criminalizing FGM. One would have expected the PFGM Act also to include provisions on measures other than criminalization that should be adopted to eliminate FGM in the region. In other words,the act should have taken a holistic approach to the fight against FGM. Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Uganda Source

September 8, 2023

Female genital mutilation in Upper Egypt in the new millennium (2011)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Rasheed Salah,Ahmed Abd-Ellah,and Fouad Yousef FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Prevalence. Objective: To estimate the influence of the 2007 criminalization law on the prevalence and yearly incidence of female genital mutilation (FGM) in Upper Egypt and assess the attitudes of both the population and their health providers toward FGM Study Population: All girls and young women presenting at the Departments of Gynecology and Obstetrics or Pediatrics of Sohag and Qena University Hospitals (Between September 15,2008,and September 15,2010) and their parents,all nurses,young physicians,and senior physicians working at either hospital. Findings: The prevalence of FGM was 89.2%. The incidence was 9.6% in 2000,began to decrease in 2006,and had reached 7.7% at the end of the study period in 2009 (P=0.05). In their vast majority,the procedures were performed by general practitioners. In total,88.2%,34.3% and 14.9% of nurses,young physicians,and senior physicians,respectively,approved the practice. The incidence of FGM was still very high in Upper Egypt in spite of the criminalization law. While general practitioners performed most procedures,most nurses were in favor of preserving the practice. Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Egypt Source

Female Genital Mutilation Is a Violation of Reproductive Rights of Women: Implications for Health Workers (2016)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Jungari SB FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: prevalence,Gynaecological,Obstretic. Objective: To understand the prevalence and practice of FGM worldwide and its adverse effects on women’s reproductive health Study Population: NA Findings: Study found that FGM has no health benefits; was mostly carried out on girls before they reach the age of 15 years; could cause severe bleeding,infections,psychological illness,and infertility; and,most important,could have serious consequences during childbirth. The practice was mainly governed by the traditions and cultures of the communities without having any scientific or medical benefit. Study concluded that FGM was a practice that violated the human and reproductive rights of women. Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Female genital mutilation management in the ambulatory clinic setting: A case study and review of the literature (2016)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding III FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Spencer Craven, Alex Kavanagh,Rose Khavari FGM/C Type(s): III Health area of focus: Obstretic. Objective: To present the treatment of a patient with Type III FGM/C C in an ambulatory urology clinic in the United States Study Population: Girls Findings: The study concluded that treating Type III FGM/C in a controlled environment in the clinic setting was a viable and potentially preferable treatment for women living in the West Geographical coverage Region(s):North America Country(ies):United States Source

Female genital mutilation of a karyotypic male presenting as a female with delayed puberty (2006)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding IV FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Ellaithi M,Nilsson T,Gisselsson D,Elagib A,Eltigani H,Fadl-Elmula I FGM/C Type(s): IV Health area of focus: Gynaecological. Objective: To report the case of a patient who underwent FGM in childhood Study Population: A 21-year-old Sudanese patient,socially assigned as female,was referred from her gynaecologist as a case of delayed puberty for chromosomal analysis. The patient was born in one of the small towns in the centre of Sudan. A midwife decided the sex as female at the time of birth. Thus,she was given a female name and raised as a female Findings: The patient underwent type IV FGM (Pharaonic circumcision) at an early age. This might have limited the possibility of clinical assessment,although the configuration of the external genitalia is not always essential for a correct diagnosis,as over-masculinized female pseudohermaphrodites can be similar to under-masculinized male pseudohermaphrodites Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Sudan Source

Female Genital Mutilation of African-Descent Iranians in Qeshm Island (2021)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Amirbahram A. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of female genital mutilation in Qeshm Island and the traditional mode of thinking of Afro-Iranian people of the Island about this practice. The questions of the study are (a) Why female genital mutilation is still practiced in Qeshm Island; (b) What are the mental and physical effects of female genital mutilation on women; and (c) How government or NGOs are fighting against this tradition. Study Population: The sample was chosen from Afro-Iranian women in three villages of Qeshm Island Findings: This article has found out that female genital mutilation resulted in many lifelong diseases and sexual degradation in African-descended women of Qeshm Island. This article also illustrates that the best way to combat this wrong tradition is to inform people by gradual training without any insult to their beliefs. Conclusion: This study reveals the prevalence of a false tradition and the necessity of behavioral change. In doing so,the government and NGOs’ strong actions and attracting the support of the community elders are also needed Geographical coverage Region(s):Southern Asia Country(ies):Iran Source

Female Genital Mutilation practices in Kenya: The role of Alternat ive Rites of Passage A case study of Kisii and Kuria districts (2011)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Oloo H,Wanjiru M,Newell-Jones K FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To investigate current attitudes and practices in relation to FGM among men and women at family and community levels in Kisii and Kuria.To investigate the awareness of,and attitudes towards,ARP approaches to encouraging the abandonment of FGM in Kisii and Kuria Study Population: Mothers,Community leaders (men and women),School teachers ,Young women over the age of 18,with separate FGDs for: (a) those who have undergone FGM; and (b) those who have not undergone FGM, Young women over the age of 18 who have participated in ARP ceremonies – this group was only interviewed in Kisii ,Young men over the age of 18,with separate FGDs for those who were married and unmarried,Older men and women Findings: The findings show that FGM is still a celebrated public event among the Kuria,dictated by the decrees from the Council of Elders,which decides when circumcision should take place. In Kisii,FGM is a private family affair,usually without public celebration,often in secret. In both communities,girls undergoing FGM are given gifts and are generally considered more suitable for marriage and more socially acceptable. Uncircumcised girls and women frequently experience stigmatism,isolation and ridicule. However,there is evidence in both Kuria and Kisii that the isolation and stigma directed towards uncircumcised girls and women is far greater for uneducated girls than for those who are educated. Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Kenya Source

Female genital mutilation programmes to date: what works and what doesn’t (2011)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): World Health Organization FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To look at which anti-FGM interventions work and which do not Study Population: Relied on questionnaires from 365 national and international organisations Findings: Interventions that worked included those which involved coordination between NGOs and governments. This ensured that governments begun their initial efforts in taking FGM as a serious health issue,evident with the introduction of anti-FGM laws although improvements in enforcement of these laws was required. Furthermore,at the community level,behavioural change interventions proved to be successful,specifically behavior communication for change (BCC) projects and alternative rites of passage rituals. Mass media through radio,music,storytelling and poems,encouraged the BCC transition. However the assessment showed areas of weaknesses. Governments,although beginning to engage with anti-FGM programmes,were not providing the financial and technical support required by the majority of agencies. Majority of anti-FGM interventions failed to incorporate an evaluation programme Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa,Eastern Africa,Northern Africa Country(ies):Burkina Faso,Egypt,Ethiopia,Mali,Uganda Source

Female genital mutilation remains high in Senegal: an analysis of DHS 2018, (2021)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Sougou NM and Seck I,  FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: The objective of this study was to conduct a descriptive and analytical analysis of female genital mutilation practices in Senegal in 2018. Study Population: WRA- 15-49 Yrs Findings: The prevalence of FGM was 17.18%. Women who had flesh removed from genital area represented 60.96% (1338),29.39% (252) had genital area just nicked without removing any flesh,6.88% (151) had genital area sown closed. Women who thought that FGM was justified by religion represented 11.52%. However,80.59% of the women thought that it was a practice that should be stopped. The protective factors for the occurrence of FGM were women’s empowerment factors (high level of education of the woman (primary ajOR=0.64 [0.50-0.83] and secondary ajOR=0.43 [0.32,0.57]) and the fact that the head of the household is a woman ajOR (0.75 [0.59-0.97]); belonging to the central region of Senegal and the Christian religion (ajOr=0.05 [ 0.02-0.13]). The risk factors for female genital mutilation in Senegal were ethnicity and belonging to certain regions in the northeast and southeast of Senegal.The prevalence of FGM in Senegal is still high. Ethnicity remains an important risk factor. Women’s empowerment would allow the reduction of FGM. In the fight against FGM,politics should include women’s autonomy strengthening like girls schooling. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Senegal Source

Female genital mutilation reversal: a general approach. (2014)

This study is a Case report/study regarding III FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s):  Anand,Mallika; Stanhope,Todd; Occhino,John. FGM/C Type(s): III Health area of focus: Gynaecological. Objective: To depict the classification of FGM and a general approach to FGM reversal. Specifically address the procedure of type III FGM reversal,or defibulation. Study Population: Women Findings:  By 6 weeks postoperatively,she(the woman) was able to engage in sexual intercourse without dyspareunia. Conclusion: FGM is a problem at the doorsteps of female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery.  Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source