Female genital mutilation and infections: a systematic review of the clinical evidence (2013)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Christos Iavazzo ,Thalia A. Sardi,Ioannis D. Gkegkes FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Gynaecological. Objective: To explore and analyze for first time in the current literature,the clinical evidence related to the presence of infections in the practice of FGM Study Population: Women Aged 10 days to 20 years. Findings: Different types of infections were identified including UTIs,genitourinary tract infections,abscess formation and septicemia or even HIV infection. Moreover,most infections were identified in Type III FGM. The isolated pathogens in the different type of infections,were HIV,Clostridium tetani,Chlamydia trachomatis,Neisseria gonorrhoeae,Treponema pallidum,Candida albicans,Trichomonas vaginalis,HSV-2,Pseudomonas pyocyanea,Staphylococcus aureus. The univariate risk of infection ranged from 0.47 to 5.2. A variety of infections can occur after FGM. The management of these complications in a low-income economy can be a great burden for the families Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

September 8, 2023

Female genital mutilation and intimate partner violence in the Ivory Coast (2014)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Karl Peltzer,Supa Pengpid FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Intimate partner violence (IPV). Objective: To determine if FGM is associated with IPV,using data obtained from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) 2012 in Ivory Coast Study Population: Women (Got information from the 2011-12 Ivory Coast Demographic and Health Survey (CDHS)) Findings: Significant rates of FGM and IPV were found among this sample of Ivorian women calling for the need for multiple strategies to reduce FGM and IPV. while other subtypes of IPV were higher in women reporting FGM but they were not significant. Of the socio-demographic covariates,urban residence and having a primary education were associated with most subtypes of IPV,while being a Muslim seemed protective from any type,sexual and emotional IPV. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Côte d’Ivoire Source

Female Genital Mutilation and its effects over women’s health (2013)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding III FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Enu Anand ,Jayakant Singh FGM/C Type(s): III Health area of focus: Obstetrics. Objective: To examine the effect of different types of FGM on obstetric outcome and genital infections in Kenyan Women Study Population: Women Findings: More than one in four women in Kenya underwent circumcision .Women with no education were more likely to be circumcised as compared to women with any education. In an aggregate,more than 50 percent of women in the no education category were circumcised and out of that more than 20 percent of women had undergone most severe form of circumcision i.e. FGM III. As the level of education increased,prevalence of circumcision decreased. Only 20 percent of the circumcision was carried out by any health professional. On the other hand circumcision by health professional doubled in case of circumcision of daughters of the respondent Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Kenya Source

Female genital mutilation and its effects: Implications for counselling (2002)

This study is a Correlation research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): BI Nnodum FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Sexual,Psychological. Objective: To establish if there is any relationship between promiscuity and FGM,if circumcised females suffer depression more than the uncircumcised females and,if circumcised females have less difficulty than their uncircumcised counterparts in becoming sexually aroused and attaining orgasm. Study Population: Findings: The findings revealed that FGM does not reduce promiscuity,that circumcised females experience depression more than uncircumcised and,that circumcised females had more difficulty than their uncircumcised counterparts in becoming sexually aroused and attaining orgasm. Psycho-counselling measures for helping FGM victims manage their lives,achieve sexual satisfaction and become better adjusted were highlighted. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Nigeria Source

Female Genital Mutilation and its future among the somali women in Finland (2011)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Eeva Matsuuke FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To find out how important the female genital mutilation is in Somali womens identity in todays Findland Study Population: Somali women Findings: The study result showed that the continuation of FGM tradition in new generation was not necessary and the overall result of the study was very straight forward: FGM should be abolished from the tradition. FGM have left marks on those interviewees,who had it done,but the significance of FGM in their female identity was insignificant. The best way to eradicate the tradition according to the interviewees were massive community based education awareness raising programsto be accessed by everybody Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Europe Country(ies):Finland Source

Female genital mutilation and its prevention: a challenge for paediatricians (2007)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Fabienne Jaeger,Marianne Caflisch,Patrick Hohlfeld FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: The aim is to offer information to western health care systems when confronted with migrants from FGM/C cultural background Study Population: Relied on articles Findings: Paediatricians can play a central role in the prevention of female genital mutilation (FGM),as they are in repeated close contact with the girls and their families. As a doctor and,thus,guardian of the child’s health,paediatricians have a privileged role. Medical complications are the main arguments against FGM and the wish for good health is well recognised.With an open approach and some basic knowledge,discussions with parents can be very constructive. Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Female Genital Mutilation and its Psychosexual Impact (2011)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Mohammed El-Defrawi,Galal Lotfy,Khadiga Dandash,Amany Refaat,and Moustafa Eyada FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Psycho-sexual. Objective: Study Population: Patients of Maternal and Childhood Centers in Ismailia Findings: Results showed that the 80% who were circumcised,complained more significantly of dysmenorrhea (80.5%),vaginal dryness during intercourse (48.5%),lack of sexual desire (45%),less frequency of sexual desire per week (28%),less initiative during sex (11%),being less pleased by sex (49%),being less orgasmic (39%),and less frequency of orgasm (25%),and having difficulty reaching orgasm (60.5%) than the uncircumcised women. However,other psychosexual problems,such as loss of interest in foreplay and dyspareunia,did not reach statistical significance. The study suggested that circumcision has a negative impact on a woman’s psychosexual life. Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Egypt Source

Female genital mutilation and long-term complications (2014)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Lujan Yusimy Risco,Pablo Betancourt Ricardo Alvarez FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Long – term complications. Objective: To characterize female genital mutilation and long – term complications in the community of Fajikunda,Gambia,between March and September 2012 Study Population: women over age 15 who attended the Health Center Fajikunda,for any reason,requiring a gynecological examination in the period between March and September 2012. Findings: Of the total 98 women Were 45 years old or less; the clitoridectomy (type I) was The most frequent practice; cronical pelvic and genital pains Were the long-term complications That Showed a major statistical association with relation to mutilation. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Gambia Source

Female Genital Mutilation and Marital Satisfaction among Kenyan Females (2013)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Caroline Bosibori Nyairo FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether FGM versus non-FGM married females in Kenya and Kenyan immigrants in the United States of America vary on relationship characteristics such as relationship satisfaction,sexual satisfaction,intimacy,spousal support,and gender role attitudes. Study Population: FGM versus non-FGM married females in Kenya and Kenyan immigrants in the United States of America ages of 18 and 79 Findings: The emerging data illustrated that even though nonsignificant,there are differences in marital satisfaction between Kenyan locals and Kenyan immigrants in the United States. Based on these findings,implications are suggested for future research in this area for further understanding the impact of female genital mutilation on marriages both in Kenya and the USA. Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa,North America Country(ies):Kenya,United States Source

Female genital mutilation and migration in Mali. Do migrants transfer social norms? (2015)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Idrissa Diabate and Sandrine Mesplé-Somps FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To investigate how powerful a mechanism migration is in the transmission of social norms,taking Mali and Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) as a case study Study Population: girls aged to 14 years old and adults over 15 years old Findings: The empirical evidence presented in this paper suggested that girls living in villages with return migrants were less likely to be circumcised than others. It appeared that this result was mainly driven by the percentage of returnees from Côte d’Ivoire. It suggested that what matters in the social norm process was not just the repressive action against those who practice FGM in the host country, but also the fact that migrants lived in an African country where FGM was not the customary habit. Study data also indicated that current migrants had much less of a potential impact on FGM than return migrants. The impact of returnees may first be explained by the change in their own attitude to FGM that could influence the behavior of stayers,and,second by their capacity to convince them to change their FGM practice. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Mali Source