Female circumcision in Sudan: Future prospects and strategies for eradication (2001)

This study is a Correlation research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Islam Mazharul,Mosleh Uddin FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To find information about attitudes towards the FGM/C practise ,rreasons why women suport it and the social demographic predictors needed for the development of eradication strategies Study Population: Women Findings: Some 87% of respondents in Haj-Yousif,almost 100% of those in Shendi and 7% of those in Juba have been circumcised. Pharaonic circumcision-the most severe type-was reported by 96% of circumcised women in Shendi and 69% of those in Haj-Yousif,but only 31% of those in Juba. However,a small but significant shift from Pharaonic to Sunna circumcision appears to have occurred in Shendi and Haj-Yousif in recent years. Overall,67% of respondents in Haj-Yousif,56% of those in Shendi and 4% of those in Juba support continuation of the practice; more highly educated and economically better off women are less likely to be supportive in the two high-prevalence areas. Social custom is the most commonly cited reason for favoring continuation of female circumcision in Haj-Yousif and Shendi (69-75%),while better marriage prospects are the most frequently given reason in Juba. Based on the women’s perceptions,men are more likely than women to favor discontinuation. Conclusions: Female circumcision seems to be declining slightly in some areas of Sudan. A culturally accepted policy and political commitment to eradicate the practice are needed. Education and economic empowerment of women would help lower support for the practice. A mass media campaign publicizing the risks of female circumcision and the fact that female circumcision is not obligatory for Islamic women would also be helpful. Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Sudan Source

September 8, 2023

Female circumcision in Nigeria and attitudes towards its discontinuation (2015)

This study is a Explanatory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Gbadebo BM,Afolabi RF,Adebowale AS FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To assess the level of FC,daughters’ circumcision and attitude towards discontinuation of the practice among women of reproductive age. Study Population: women of reproductive age (15-49 years) and among all women aged ≥15 years; and the number of girls aged

Female circumcision/female genital mutilation (2001)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Strickland Julie Lubker FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To explain FGM/C and the resultant physical alterations as well as the cultural and historic basis of this ancient tradition Study Population: Relied on articles Findings: The study concluded that Western physicians emphasis should be placed on the elements of culturally competent and compassionate care for young women who have undergone FGM/C Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Female Circumcision: A Phenomenological Study of Somalian Immigrant to the United States (2016)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Emmanuel Fai Tatah FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To examine the lived experiences of Somali women who underwent FC before coming to the United States Study Population: Somali women who were 18 years old and above Findings: The respondents reported experiencing negative consequences from FC practice including pain,miscarriages,and heavy bleeding. The majority of the women in the study supported the eradication of FC in all forms. Geographical coverage Region(s):North America Country(ies):United States Source

Female circumcision: at our doorsteps and beyond (2000)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Meniru Godwin I,Bryan R Hecht,Michael P Hopkins FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Gynaecological,Obstetrics. Objective: To provide an objective background information on female circumcision to residents in obstetrics and gynecology Study Population: Relied on articles Findings: The study found that the American women’s health care specialist should be well informed on the issue of FGM/C because of the increasing likelihood of contact with these women. It is was also hoped that health care providers will become sensitized to the point of designing and participating actively in effective schemes for the worldwide eradication of this practice Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Female circumcision: history,medical and psychological complications,and initiatives to eradicate this practice (2009)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Shah G,Susan L,Furcroy J FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To examine the history of female circumcision,its medical and psychological consequences,and government and non-government educational initiatives that are currently being taken to eradicate this practice Study Population: Relied on articles Findings: Not stated Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Female circumcision: Limiting the harm (2012)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Mohammed Kandil FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To review the strength of evidence that links many health hazards to female genital cutting Study Population: Relied on articles Findings: The study found that female genital cutting was still practiced secretly in both underdeveloped and developed countries due to prevailing strong traditional beliefs. There was insufficient evidence to support the claims that genital cutting is a harmful procedure if performed by experienced personnel in a suitable theatre with facilities for pain control and anesthesia. Cutting,however,was advised not to go beyond type I Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Female circumcision: obstetrical and psychological sequelae continues unabated in the 21st century (2011)

This study is a Correlation research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Chibber R,El-Saleh E,El Harmi J FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Obstetrics,Psychological. Objective: To assess the incidence of female circumcision/female genital cutting (FGC) among pregnant women and describe the obstetrical and psychological sequelae of female circumcision Study Population: Women Findings: The prevalence of female circumcision was 38%; women who were circumcised were more likely have extended hospital stay. There was a positive association between such women and prolonged labor,cesarean section,post-partum hemorrhage,early neonatal death,and hepatitis C infection. Psychiatric sequelae included: 80% continued to have flashbacks to the FGC event; 58% had a psychiatric disorder (affective disorder); 38% had other anxiety disorders,and 30% had post-traumatic stress disorder Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Asia Country(ies):Kuwait Source

Female Circumcision: The Ethics of Harm Reduction Policies (2013)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Rachel Ruderman FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: to argue for the acceptance of a harm reduction policy,which centers on the promotion of medicalized and safe symbolic female circumcision to fulfill cultural norms while promoting the health of women and girls worldwide. Study Population: Not stated Findings: Internationally,a harm reduction policy approach will be beneficial in setting standards for practices in countries where FGM is widespread. Namely,international organizations should recognize that symbolic female circumcision is a viable interim solution,and that harm reduction practices are acceptable as long as they are safe and legal,and also address women’s needs. Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Female circumcision: toward an inclusive practice of care (2010)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Khaja Khadija,Kathy Lay,and Stephanie Boys FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Gynaecological. Objective: To report on partial findings from a qualitative study that examined the lives of Somali Muslim women who were circumcised Study Population: Somali Muslim women who were circumcised Findings: A reoccurring theme of resentment toward North American health care practitioners who condemn the women for having experienced the practice of circumcision in their birth country was found Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source