Female circumcision and obstetric complications (2002)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding I,II FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Larsen,Ulla,Friday E.,Okonofua FGM/C Type(s): I,II Health area of focus: Obstetric complications. Objective: To examine whether complications at delivery are associated with female circumcision Study Population: Women Findings: Forty-five percent were circumcised; 71% had type 1 and 24% had type 2. Circumcised women had significantly higher risks of tearing and stillbirths when all pregnancies were analyzed. Circumcised women experienced more obstetric complications,while there was no significant difference between women with type 1 and type 2. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Nigeria Source

September 8, 2023

Female circumcision and sexual activity: “any relationship’’ (2000)

This study is a Correlation research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Odimegwu CO; Okemgbo CN FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: N/A. Objective: To examine the relationship between female circumcision and sexual activity of a group of teenage girls in Abakaliki area of Ebonyi State,Nigeria Study Population: Teenage girls Findings: The analysis shows that there is a high level of awareness of female circumcision and a majority of the girls have been circumcised. About one-third of the girls have initiated sexual activity. The paper shows that circumcised girls are 20% less likely to have initiated sex than the uncircumcised–an indication that the difference in sexual initiation between the circumcised and uncircumcised is minimal. The result also shows that the circumcised girls are 1.8 times more likely to have initiated sex before age 15. This is accountable by the incidence of early marriage and not the circumcision status. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Nigeria Source

Female Circumcision and the Construction of Female Sexuality: A Study on Madurese in Indonesia. (2020)

This study is a Not specified regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): R Ida,M Saud FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: gynaecological. Objective:  to investigate two major issues: the prevalence of female circumcision in three districts on Madura Island,using a quantitative survey; and the cultural construction of female sexuality,using a qualitative method focused on observations and in-depth interviews with women,community leaders,and religious teachers. Study Population: women Findings: a greater number of females have been circumcised from as early as infants (under the age of one) to those in adolescence. The traditional views on the female body and sexuality have strongly influenced the continuity of the cultural practice. Moreover,observational analysis showed that Madurese society continues to believe that women who identify as Muslims are required to be circumcised. Women who are not circumcised are considered to have betrayed their religious,ethnic,and cultural identities. Furthermore,women cannot refuse or ask not to be circumcised,as many traditional families and religious leaders believe that the practice is required to purify the woman’s body and her sexuality. Geographical coverage Region(s):Southeastern Asia Country(ies):Indonesia Source

Female circumcision and women’s attitude to it,Minab,Iran,2002–2003 (2009)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Homa Ahad FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To examine prevalence,awareness and attitudes,FGM in Minab Study Population: Female adults aged 15 to 49 years old Findings: The study concluded that an increased awareness among locals of the dangers of FGM,and the importance of medical care,education,and changing people’sperspectives,can all play an important role in reducing FGM Geographical coverage Region(s):Southern Asia Country(ies):Iran Source

Female circumcision as a cause of genophobia (2016)

This study is a Explanatory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): El-Hadidy Mohamed A.,Ahmed Eissa,and Abdelhady Zayed FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Psychological,Sexual. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the association between female circumcision and genophobia. Study Population: Women seeking service at Outpatient Gynecology Department,Mansoura University Findings: Anxiety and depression scores were statistically significantly higher in circumcised than in noncircumcised women. In addition,all sexual functions (libido,lubrication,orgasm,satisfaction,and pain) were better in noncircumcised than in circumcised women. Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Egypt Source

Female circumcision between juridical-religious and medical revelations: a critical analysis (2012)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Hafiz Walusimbi Abdul FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To address two main areas: juridical and medical revelations in favour and against female circumcision,and academic reaction to the alleged juridical and medical revelations,as well as reviewing the earlier research findings to confirm or dispute them Study Population: Relied on articles Findings: Shari’ah maxims–even with presence of evidence in support of practices like female circumcision- disapproved permissible and “beneficial” acts when they turn out to be harmful and disastrous to individuals and communities Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Female Circumcision Complicated by Vulva Adhesion and Emergency Cesarean Delivery: A Case Report (2019)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding Not specified FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Edeh,A. J.,Anekpo,C. C.,& Olu,E. A. FGM/C Type(s): Not specified Health area of focus: Obstetrics and gynaecology. Objective: We report a 20 years old female who had neonatal ritual circumcision which was complicated by vulva adhesion in childhood and emergency cesarean delivery in her adult life. It is our earnest hope that by reporting cases like this any people,culture or country,that still harbor sympathy for this unfortunate practice will be convinced to end it. Study Population: 20 years old female who had neonatal ritual circumcision which was complicated by vulva adhesion in childhood and emergency cesarean delivery in her adult life Findings: This unfortunate lady had FGM/C as a neonate which became complicated by labial adhesion in early childhood. Despite visiting some health facilities in childhood for vulva infections,the care givers never entertained or prevented the subsequent development of labial adhesion with severe vulva stenosis causing physical and sexual problem Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Nigeria Source

Female circumcision in Indonesia: extent implications and possible interventions to uphold womens health rights (2003)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Budiharsana Meiwita,Lila Amaliah,and Budi Utomo FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To provide research-based information on FC customary practices and their socio-cultural determinants,and if possible,to assess the immediate and long-term physical and psychological consequences of the practices on women’s sexuality,reproduction,and reproductive rights Study Population: FC providers,community leaders,religious leaders,and mothers,and a household survey with a sample of 1694 mothers of female children under age 19 Findings: Study findings indicate that in general Muslim communities support the continuation of FC practice,because they perceive it as both a societal custom or tradition,and a religious duty. Religious leaders want the practice of FC to continue indefinitely,because of their common interpretations that FC is required act of faith,although when being probed,they admitted that the law varies from one mazhab to another,from “wajib” (obligatory) to sunnah (recommended but optional),while some placed it an even lower level of religious duty. Around 92% of the families visited for the survey expressed support for the continuation of FC not only for their girl children but also for future grandchildren Geographical coverage Region(s):Southeastern Asia Country(ies):Indonesia Source

Female circumcision in Meru North district: a focus on inter-generational shifts in practices and perceptions (2003)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding II FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Koronya Charity FGM/C Type(s): II Health area of focus: None. Objective: To explore the cultural practice of female circumcision in Meru North District,with special focus on inter-generational shifts in practices and perceptions Study Population: Council of Elders,Practising Female Circumcisers,Ex-practising Female Circumcisers,Circumcised Girls,Circumcised Women,Familied with both Circumcised and Uncircumcised girls,Professionals Findings: The study found out that female circumcision was deeply entrenched among the members of the Meru North community and all members of the community had considerable knowledge of the practice. However,conflicting information of the view of female circumcision was evident in the group discussion with various respondents. Many in the older generation strongly supported the practice and still hold on the myths and beliefs of FGC. On the other hand,many in the younger generation disregard the practice and consider it outdated Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Kenya Source

Female circumcision in multicultural Singapore: The hidden cut (2014)

This study is a Explanatory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Gabriele Marranci FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: N/A. Objective: To focus on why reasons for the practice remaining hidden and undiscussed in Singapore,so much so that some respondents did not know that they had been circumcised Study Population: Not stated Findings: The FGM practice in Southeast Asia is widespread among Malay Muslims and,although different styles and practices exist,procedures conducted in medical clinics are extremely minor and,according to gynaecological research,have no effect on sexuality due to the clitoris being left totally untouched Geographical coverage Region(s):Southeastern Asia Country(ies):Singapore Source