Enfermería y cultura : las fronteras del androcentrismo en la ablación/mutilación genital femenina (2015)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Jiménez Ruiz,I.,  FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To analyse male perspectives on FGM/C in order to understand their points of view and to start to develop nursing interventions which could lead to its eradication Study Population: Men Findings: The participants reported the reasons why they and their communities give their consent to FGM/C. These arguments are called factors and make up a system of traditional healthcare. Among these factors,there was highlight on the sexual and religious/spiritual ones,although FGM/C was also defended by hygienic or esthetic-type arguments,related to health,sociocultural and economic factors. In addition,a prototype for changing FGM/C had created suggesting a series of steps for its abolition,as well as a comparative table as a demystification tool. Finally,a conceptual model had presented for studying the factors that perpetuate FGM,by adapting Leininger’s Sunrise Model. In this model,the concepts of person,setting and nursing actions outlined,in order to modify the understanding of this practice as a cultural aspect of healthcare Geographical coverage Region(s):Southern Europe Country(ies):Spain Source

September 8, 2023

Epidemiological and gynecological correlates with female genital mutilation among Beni-Suef University students; cross sectional study (2018)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Arafa,A. E.,Elbahrawe,R. S.,Shawky,S. M. & Abbas,A. M. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Epidemiological and gynecological correlates. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of FGM/C among university students in Beni-Suef,Egypt and detect the possible socio-demographic and gynaecological associations. Study Population: University students Findings: A little less than half of the students were circumcised (47.3%). Students from rural areas and those whose parents were illiterate were more likely to have FGM/C (p< .001). The primary sources of information regarding FGM/C were family and friends,although uncircumcised girls relied more on schoolteachers and television/the Internet (p< .001). The majority of uncircumcised girls (98.2 percent) and circumcised girls (73.5%) agree that the practice should not be justified,with religious and social reasons being the primary grounds. Backaches and dysmenorrhea were prevalent among the girls,although there was no correlation between these symptoms and FGM/C. Female genital mutilation and cutting is less prevalent among university-aged women in Beni-Suef. Among the most probable risk factors for FGM/C are residential,parental education level,religious,and traditional difficulties. Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Egypt Source

Epidemiological insights on the association between female genital mutilation and hepatitis C infection in Egypt: an Examination using Demographic and Health Survey data of Egypt,2008 (2013)

This study is a Correlation research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Jabbar Shameem FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Sexual. Objective: To identify associations between FGM and HCV using the Egypt Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS),2008 Study Population: Women,Men Findings: There was a statistically significant association between FGM and HCV infection. There are increased odds of HCV when the FGM is performed by providers other than doctors. Participants from a rural residence and who those who did not have any education were at increased odds of HCV. Subjects who believed in religious precepts for FGM and also who answered that FGM can continue had increased odds of association with HCV infections. Univariate analysis of FGM and HCV showed a statistically significant association with a Prevalence Odds Ratio of 4.82 (2.91 -7.96),after adjusting for age and schistosomiasis injection,the association between FGM and HCV remained statistically significant with an odds of 2.98 (1.76 – 5.05). Among the category for FGM performer and association with HCV infection,the OR was 4.28 (2.31 – 7.91) when the FGM was performed by a ghagaria,3.68 (2.76 – 4.90) when the FGM was performed by daya,and 3.30 (1.81 -5.88) when the FGM was performed by a barber. Among other independent variables,a lack of education,rural residence,and having religious precepts for FGM had statistically increased odds of association with HCV infection Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Egypt Source

Epidemiological surveillance study of female genital mutilation in the UK (2021)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Hodes D, Ayadi O’Donnell N, Pall K,et al FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Medical symptoms and examination outcomes of FGM paedeatric patients. Objective: The study objective was to describe cases of female genital mutilation (FGM) presenting to consultant paediatricians and sexual assault referral centres (SARCs),including demographics,medical symptoms,examination findings and outcome. Study Population: Setting: All consultant paediatricians and relevant SARC leads across the UK and Ireland.Patients Under 16 years old with FGM. Findings: The mean reported age was 3 years. Using the WHO classification of FGM,58% (n=60) had either type 1 or type 2,8% (n=8) had type 3 and 21% (n=22) had type 4. 13% (n=13) of the cases were not classified and none had piercings or labiaplasty. The majority,70% had FGM performed in Africa with others from Europe,Middle East and South-East Asia. There were few physical and mental health symptoms. Only one case resulted in a successful prosecution.There were low numbers of children presenting with FGM and in the 2 years there was only one prosecution. The findings may be consistent with attitude changes in FGM practising communities and those at risk should be protected and supported by culturally competent national policies Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Europe Country(ies):United Kingdom,Ireland Source

Epidemiology,regional characteristics,knowledge,and attitude toward female genital mutilation/cutting in Southern Iran (2015)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Dehghankhalili M, Fallahi S, Mahmudi F, Ghaffarpasand F, Shahrzad M, Taghavi M, Fereydooni Asl M FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To describe the epidemiology,regional characteristics,knowledge,and attitude toward FGM/C in Southern Iran Study Population: Women Findings: The study results showed that among the participants,535 (68.5%) had undergone FGM/C. FGM/C was associated with higher age (P = 0.002),Afghan nationality (P = 0.003),Sunni Islam as religion (P = 0.019),illiteracy (P 

Epidermal clitoral inclusion cysts: not a rare complication of female genital mutilation (2010)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Rouzi Abdulrahim A. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Gynaecological. Objective: To report a case series of epidermal clitoral inclusion cysts after FGM in a Muslim population primarily from the Middle East Study Population: females who underwent surgical removal of epidermal clitoral inclusion cysts in a tertiary referral university hospital (Between January 1998 and July 2009) Findings: There were 15 women (46.9%) with a definitive history of FGM,14 (43.8%) did not know whether they had FGM or not and 3 (9.3%) had no history of FGM and were excluded from the analysis. The mean age of subjects was 28.1 years (range 5-91 years). All presented with increasing clitoral mass over a mean duration of 5.2 +/- 4.1 years. The mean diameter of the cyst was 4.2 +/- 2 cm. Regarding treatment,28 subjects underwent surgical excision,and one underwent incision and drainage of a clitoral abscess. No short- or long-term complications occurred. The study concluded that clitoral cysts appear to be a more common complication of FGM than previously thought. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Asia Country(ies):Saudi Arabia Source

Epidermal inclusion cyst of the clitoris 30 years after female genital mutilation (2010)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Asante,Albert,Kenan Omurtag,and Carla Roberts FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Epidermal inclusion,sexual. Objective: To present a case report of a patient with epidermal inclusion cyst as a late complication of female circumcision,the management of the patient,and a review of the literature. Study Population: A 37-year-old female from Guinea with a large clitoral mass of 6 months’ duration Findings: Resolution of swelling and discomfort,satisfactory postoperative sexual function and emotional well-being. Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Epidermal clitoral inclusion cyst after type I female genital mutilation (2001)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding I FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Rouzi AA, Sindi O, Radhan B, Ba’aqeel H. FGM/C Type(s): I Health area of focus: Gynaecological. Objective: To document the occurrence of long-term sequelae after type I female genital mutilation (FGM) and describe the surgical treatment of epidermal clitoral inclusion cyst. Study Population: women affected with epidermal clitoral inclusion cyst after type I FGM Findings: The duration (mean +/- SD,range) of symptoms was 10.3 +/- 5.4,2 to 20 years. They were treated by excision of the cyst with particular attention to preserve the remaining part of the clitoris. The technique involved making a vertical incision in the skin,dissecting and excising the cyst,removing the excessive skin,and reapproximating the skin edges. The procedure was done on all patients without intraoperative complications. All except one were discharged home on the second postoperative day. Follow-up showed no recurrence of symptoms. The study concluded that long-term sequelae can occur after type I FGM. The surgical treatment of clitoral inclusion cyst is simple and effective. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Asia Country(ies):Saudi Arabia Source

Epidermoid Cyst of the Clitoris: An Unusual Cause of Clitoromegaly in a Patient without History of Previous Female Circumcision (2009)

This study is a Case report/study regarding I FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Breanne E. Anderson Mueller,  Mark D. Laudenschlager, Keith A. Hansen FGM/C Type(s): I Health area of focus: epidermoid cyst of clitoris and FGM. Objective: To describe a rare cause of clitoromegaly. Study Population: Patient Findings: Epidermoid cysts are usually solitary,asymptomatic,slow-growing,proliferations of epidermal cells that are commonly present on the neck,scalp,face,or trunk. There had only been four reported cases of epidermoid cysts of the clitoris not associated with female genital mutilation. The cyst in this case was removed by local excision,and the patient’s pain has resolved. Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Eradicating female genital cutting: understanding reality conceptions a study on perceptions of female genital cutting in Hargeisa,Somaliland (Somalia) (2012)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Lunde Ingvild FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To explore perceptions of female genital cutting (FGC) and of abandonment of the phenomenon Study Population: NGO Officials,Government Representatives,Medical Representatives Findings: The study revealed that there was an increasing use of medical staff and equipment when a girl underwent the procedure of FGM/C; religion was both an important barrier and facilitator of eradication; the use of terminology was crucial in understanding current perceptions of FGM/C and of eradication of FGM/C; traditional gender structures were being challenged in Hargeisa; it was important to understand how knowledge on FGM/C was constructed; and finally that FGM/C eradication was influenced by complex issues related to the ‘development’ of Somaliland Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Somalia Source