Eradicating female genital mutilation and cutting in Tanzania: an observational study (2015)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Moses Galukande, Joseph Kamara, Violet Ndabwire, Elisabeth Leistey, Cecilia Valla, Sam Luboga FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To analyse the impact of an 18 month long campaign to eradicate or reduce FGM/C in a rural predominantly Maasai community Study Population: Women,Men Findings: The study found that those in favour of FGM/C eradication were 88 per cent. Nearly a third of the 100 FGM/C practitioners had denounced the practice; they also formed a peer group that met regularly comparing baseline and endline. Knowledge about FGM/C health risks increased from 16 to 30 per cent Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Tanzania Source

September 8, 2023

Eradicating Female Genital Mutilation: Case Series Evaluating the Effect of the Interventions (2014)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): A S Adeniran,A P Aboyeji,O R Balogun,M A Ijaiyai FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Gynaecological. Objective: To present a cases series of two clitoral cysts and one each of post-mutilation haemorrhage,labial adhesion and excess crural flap. Study Population: A case series of four complications following FGM Findings: One of the victims intended to circumcise her daughters for cultural reasons but rescinded the decision after counseling and education. FGM was a continuing abuse,individual perception did not depend on the degree of complication experienced and there was need for increased education and enlightenment on its dangers. Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Eradicating the practice of female circumcision/ female genital mutilation in Nigeria within the context of human rights (2014)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Yerima Timothy,Atidoga Daniel FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To examine the questions whether the practice of FGM/C violate some of the rights of women and female children in Nigeria; or on the contrary,the prevention of the practice is a violation of the cultural right of this category of persons Study Population: Relied on legislation articles Findings: Study concluded that despite the medical implications of FGM/C,the practice persisted as it is deeply rooted by culture; and advocates for awareness-raising and education in addition to other non-penal measures to eradicate the practice in Nigeria Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Nigeria Source

Eradication of female genital mutilation in Somalia (2004)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): UNICEF FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To use case studies to illiustrate the negative effects of FGM/C Study Population: Women,Aid workers,Female circumcisors Findings: Some of the case studies illustrated complete lack of awareness or minimal awareness but negligible behaviour change,and awareness and behaviour change. Another case study illustrated that an increased exposure to potential knowledge and awareness does not necessarily translate into a change in behaviour Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Somalia Source

Estimates of female genital mutilation/cutting in 27 African countries and Yemen (2013)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Yoder P. Stanley,Shanxiao Wang,and Elise Johansen FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To provide estimates of the total number of women aged 15 years and older who have undergone FGM/C in 27 African countries and Yemen. Study Population: women aged 15 years and older who have undergone FGM/C in 27 African countries and Yemen Findings: Drawing on national population-based survey data regarding FGM/C prevalence and census data regarding the number of women in each country,we find that almost 87 million girls and women aged 15 and older have been cut in these 28 countries Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Estimates of first-generation women and girls with female genital mutilation in the European Union,Norway and Switzerland (2016)

This study is a Comparative research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Baelen,L. V.,Ortensi,L. & Leye,E. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: The study goal was to estimate the number of first-generation girls and women in the European Union,Norway and Switzerland who have undergone FGM. Study Population: Relied on DHS,MICS,PHS,and UNICEF data Findings: In 2011 over half a million first-generation women and girls in the EU,Norway and Switzerland had undergone FGM before immigration. One in two was living in the UK or France,one in two was born in East-Africa. For the first time,scientific evidence gives a reliable estimate of the number of first-generation women and girls in Europe coming from countries where FGM is practiced. The use of census data proves reliable for policy makers to guide their actions,e.g.,regarding training needs for health workers who might be confronted with women who have undergone FGM,or the need for reconstructive surgery. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Europe,Eastern Europe,Southern Europe,Northern Europe,Western Asia Country(ies):Austria,Belgium,Bulgaria,Croatia,Cyprus,Czechia,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Poland,Portugal,Romania,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,Norway,Switzerland Source

ESTIMATING FGM PREVALENCE IN EUROPE. FINDINGS OF A PILOT STUDY. RESEARCH REPORT. (2017)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Schrijver,D. L.,& Baelen,V. L. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: N/A. Objective: 1) mapping current prevalence studies in the EU,to analysetheir definitions,methodologies and outcomes in order to identify strengths,weaknesses,opportunities and threats of these studies (the situation analysis3); 2) developing acommon definition and methodology to estimate prevalence (both indirectly and directly),that would be able to produce comparable and reliable data across the EU; 3) piloting the new methodology for direct estimations in Belgium and Italy and 4) providingand disseminating a general framework for prevalence estimations for EU countries. Study Population: Relied on articles Findings: Direct estimation of FGM prevalence among FGM practicing communities in the diaspora is possible and advisable. However,the variation in the number of women from FGM practicing countries in theEUMember States (countries with high and countries with low prevalence),demands a different approach when estimating FGM prevalence. Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Estimating FGM Prevalence in Westminster among Girls Under 18 (2014)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Funmi Osibona FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To estimate the number of girls under the age of 18 at risk of FGM in the City of Westminster Study Population: Girls under the age of 18 Findings: The results of this study indicated that 770 girls aged 3-18 studying in Westminster schools are at risk of becoming,or are already,victims of FGM. The results also find that Somali speaking girls with a total of 225 speakers constitute the highest number of those at risk. Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Europe Country(ies):United Kingdom Source

Estimating the indirect prevalence of female genital mutilation/cutting in Switzerland (2021)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Cottler-Casanova,S. and Abdulcadir,J. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To update the indirect estimates for women and girls living with Female Genital Mutilation Cutting (FGM/C) in Switzerland,using data from the Swiss Federal Statistical Office of migrant women and girls born in one of the 30 high-prevalence FGM/C countries that are currently living in Switzerland. Such an update is the first step of a wider research project conducted in Switzerland in 2018 entitled “Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting with a focus on prevalence,risk factors and Swiss health care professionals’ capacities”. Study Population: Total country prevalence estimates of women aged 15–49 to all migrant women and girls living in Switzerland from the same countries. separate analysis for girls aged 0–14,where they applied the prevalence estimates of girls 0–14 to all migrant girls 0–14 living in Switzerland from the same countries. Where no prevalence estimates for girls 0–14 were available,the authors applied the prevalence estimates for girls 15–19. They used the most recent MICS or DHS estimates available for each year (Table 1) and multiplied them to the number of immigrant women and girls from each FGM/C high-prevalence country from 2010 to 2018 based on the Swiss Federal Statistical Office (FSO)‘s Interactive Databas Findings: In 2010,the estimated number of women and girls living with or at risk of FGM/C in Switzerland was 9059,whereas in 2018,we estimated that 21,706 women and girls were living with or at risk of FGM/C.Conclusion Over the past decade,there have been significant increases in the number of estimated women and girls living with or at risk of FGM/C in Switzerland due to the increase in the total number of women and girls originally coming form the countries where the practice of FGM/C is traditional.Our indirect estimates can only partially inform future policy and public health programs. The authors opine that indirect estimates should be conducted alongside direct estimates. Direct measures may provide more accurate estimates that could guide policy- and clinical decision-making. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Europe Country(ies):Switzerland Source

Estimating the magnitude of female genital mutilation/cutting in Norway:an extrapolation model (2016)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Mai M. Ziyada,Marthe Norberg-Schulz, R. Elise B. Johansen FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To estimate the numbers of two main groups affected by FGM/C in Norway: 1) those already subjected to FGM/C and therefore potentially in need for health care and 2) those at risk of FGM/C and consequently the target of preventive and protective measures. Special attention has been paid to type III as it is associated with more severe complications Study Population: Register data from Statistics Norway (SSB) was combined with population-based survey data on FGM/C in the women/girls’ countries of origin. Findings: About 17,300 women and girls in Norway can be in need of health care,in particular the 9100 who are estimated to have type III. Preventive and protective measures are also needed to protect girls at risk (3000 to 7900) from being subjected to FGM/C. Nevertheless,as there are no appropriate tools at the moment that can single these girls out of all who are potentially at risk,all girls in the potentially at risk group (15,500) should be targeted with preventive measures. Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source