Disappearance of female genital mutilation from the Bedouin population of Southern Israel (2009)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Halila S,Belmaker R,Abu Rabia Y,Froimovici M,Applebaum J FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Gynaecological. Objective: To survey the Bedouin population focusing on those tribes previously reported to perform FGM/C Study Population: Women Findings: Out of the 132 women who were examined,no cases of any scarring of the kind reported in the previous study were found on physical examination. FGM/C has apparently disappeared over 15 years in a population in which it was once prevalent Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Asia Country(ies):Israel Source

September 8, 2023

Disentangling the complex association between female genital cutting and HIV among Kenyan women (2009)

This study is a Correlation research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Maslovskaya O,Brown JJ,Padmadas SS FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To investigate the potential association between FGM/C and HIV Study Population: Women Findings: The results demonstrate evidence of a statistically significant association between FGM/C and HIV,after controlling for the hierarchical structure of the data,potential confounding factors and interaction effects. The results show that women who had had FGC and a younger or the same-age first-union partner have higher odds of being HIV positive than women with a younger or same-age first-union partner but without FGM/C; whereas women who had had FGC and an older first-union partner have lower odds of being HIV positive than women with an older first-union partner but without FGC. The findings suggest the behavioural pathway of association between FGC and HIV as well as an underlying complex interplay of bio-behavioural and social variables being important in disentangling the association between FGC and HIV. Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Kenya Source

Dispelling the myths and beliefs toward female genital cutting of woman: assessing general outpatient services at a tertiary health institution in Enugu state,Nigeria (2010)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Ekwueme O, Ezegwui H,and Ezeoke U  FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To use accurate information to dispel the traditional myths and beliefs about FGM among woman Study Population: Women visiting the General Outpatient Department of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital. Findings: Pre-intervention,knowledge of the respondents on the true meaning of FGM was 54% and that of the 6 complications enlisted on average was 22.2%. Seventy (70.0%) believed that FCM is good and should be continued based mainly on culture and tradition (85.7%). Among the 29(29.0%) respondents against FGM,26(89.7%) and 24(82.8%) said it increased risk of HIV/AIDS and pregnancy complications respectively. Respondents displayed a high negative and stigmatizing attitude toward the uncircumcised women. Seventy-four (74.0%) said such women were promiscuous. Additionally,49% said they were shameful,14% cursed/outcast while 66% would not recommend them for marriage. Post-intervention,85% of the respondents understood full meaning of FGM and 71.3% on the average knew the complications. While only 11% supported FGM,83% were against the practice. The stigmatizing attitudes held against uncircumcised women decreased significantly from baseline to post-intervention as follows: promiscuous 74% to 22%,shameful 49% to 12%,outcast/cursed 14% to 2%,and not good for marriage from 66% to 19%. The differences in the baseline and post-intervention data on knowledge,beliefs and attitudes of the respondents toward FGM were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The educational intervention programme was proven to successfully impact knowledge,change beliefs and negative attitudes of women toward FGM Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Nigeria Source

Does Female Circumcision affect infertility and fertility? A study of the central African Republic,Côte d’Ivoire,and Tanzania (2000)

This study is a Correlation research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Larsen Ulla,Sharon Yan FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: FGM and infertility. Objective: To explores the association between female circumcision and infertility and fertility,  Study Population: Women Findings: In all three countries,however,circumcised women grouped by age at circumcision did not have significantly different odds of infertility nor of having a child than did uncircumcised women,when the effects of covariates were controlled. Thus we find evidence suggesting that the practice of female circumcision does not have a statistically discernible effect on women’s ability to reproduce. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa,Eastern Africa,Middle Africa Country(ies):Central African Republic,Côte d’Ivoire,Tanzania Source

Does female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) affect women’s sexual functioning? A systematic review of the sexual consequences of FGM/C (2012)

This study is a Correlation research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Berg Rigmor C,Eva Denison FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Sexual. Objective:  To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the sexual consequences of FGM/C Study Population: Women Findings: The study found that the meta-analysis results showed that compared to women without FGM/C,women who had been subjected to FGM/C were more likely to report dyspareunia (relative risk (RR) = 1.52,95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.15,2.0),no sexual desire (RR = 2.15,95% CI = 1.37,3.36) and less sexual satisfaction (standardized mean difference = −0.34,95% CI = −0.56,−0.13). Heterogeneity precluded additional consideration of other outcomes. The systematic review substantiated the proposition that a woman whose genital tissues had been partly removed was more likely to experience increased pain and reduction in sexual satisfaction and desire Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Does Maternal Education Curb Female Genital Mutilation? Evidence from a Natural experiment in Egypt (2021)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Ahmed S.R and Mesbah F.S FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the causal impact of education on the actual practice,attitude towards,and the mother’s intention to perform FGM to her daughters in the future in Egypt. Study Population: ever-married women aged between 15-49 from the 2008 Egypt’s Demographic and Health Survey Findings: The key findings suggest that maternal education did not discourage the actual implementation of the FGM practice in Egypt. It did not reduce either the probability of having a circumcised daughter or the motivation to perform FGM in the future. However,our results suggest maternal education had a favorable impact on the sentiment toward the FGM practice. The unexpected results maybe explained by the poor quality of schooling in Egypt on human capital protection and the power of traditionalism versus education. While in this study we focused only on the impact of the quantity of mothers’ education on FGM of their daughter,further research is needed to assess the impact of education quality and the extent to which the mother is gaining health knowledge and awareness through the public education system in Egypt which is known with its poor quality of education. A key policy message based on the findings of the current study is that reducing the school dropout rates and increasing years of schooling could have a beneficial effect on changing the supportive attidudes that would supplement other policy measures implemented to discontinue the FGM practice. Geographical coverage Region(s): Country(ies):Egypt Source

Does Non-Governmental Organizations Sensitization have Positive Impact on Rural Community Awareness,Prevalence and Complications of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting? Analyze of the Practice in Rural Setting in Mali (2019)

This study is a Comparative research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Youssouf,T.,Moustapha,T.,Ibrahima,T.,Amadou,B.,Seydou,F.,Salia,T. M.,… & Zana,D. S. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Gynacological. Objective: To describe epidemiologic aspects,complications and the opinions of people about law against FGM comparing eras with and without Non-Governmental organizations against female circumcision in Mali Study Population: The target population for the study was parents/grandparents,girls,caregivers and women who performed circumcision. Girls aged from 0 to 18 years and women from 19 to 49 years who have been lived in the village for 2 years were included in the study Findings: The prevalence of female genital cutting was very high (88.1%). It is higher in eras where non-governmental organizations are not active (94.6%). The decision of cutting was mainly taken by the grandparents (29.3%) and the mother (18.1%). The two main reasons to perform this practice were custom/tradition (53.1%) and the religion (30.5%). Cutting has been done in the 98.0% and in health center 2.0% of cases. The mains complications were: infibulation/dysuria (46.9%) and vulva cysts (23.5%). The majority of respondents where Non-Governmental Organizations are active (60.7%) were against a law penalizing the practic Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Mali Source

Does the timing of deinfibulation for women with type 3 female genital mutilation affect labour outcomes? (2015)

This study is a Correlation research regarding III FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Albert,Juliet,Elizabeth Bailey,and Maria Duaso FGM/C Type(s): III Health area of focus: Obstetrics. Objective: To determine whether timing of deinfibulation influences obstetric outcomes for women with type 3 female genital mutilation (FGM).  Study Population: Women Findings: Women who were ‘not deinfibulated before labour’ had a significantly greater risk of episiotomy (RR 1.67,P2 days (RR 1.33,P

Domestic Violence and Female Genital Mutilation in Kenya: Effects of Ethnicity and Education (2010)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): John Gordon Simister FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To investigate domestic violence against women,including definitions of ‘domestic violence;’ and investigates “Female Genital Mutilation Study Population: Data for this paper are from three national household surveys in Kenya: ‘Demographic & Health Survey’ (2003),Afrobarometer (2003),and ‘Work,Attitudes,& Spending’ (2004) Findings: The respondent’s mother’s education also seems relevant to prevalence of GBV (perhaps because of childhood socialization). This pattern applies to both experience of violence,and attitudes to such violence. There also appears to be a strong link between ‘Female Genital Mutilation’ (female circumcision) and mother’s education level. In each case,more education is associated with less violence. Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Kenya Source

Dynamics of change in the practice of female genital cutting in Senegambia: testing predictions of social convention theory (2011)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Shell-Duncan B,Wander K,Hernlund Y,Moreau A FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To test the theory of social change by looking at how being circumcised serves as a signal to other circumcised women that a girl or woman has been trained to respect the authority of her circumcised elders and is worthy of inclusion in their social network Study Population: Women Findings: Findings support Mackie’s assertion that expectations regarding FGC are interdependent; change must therefore be coordinated among interconnected members of social networks Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Gambia,Senegal Source