Conversations about FGM in primary care: a realist review on how,why and under what circumstances FGM is discussed in general practice consultations (2021)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Dixon S,Duddy C,Harrison G,et al. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Gyenacologial. Objective: Little is known about the management of female genital mutilation (FGM) in primary care. There have been significant recent statutory changes relevant to general practitioners (GPs) in England,including a mandatory reporting duty. This study was a realist synthesis undertook to explore what influences how and when GPs discuss FGM with their patients Study Population: Not applicable Findings: This realist review developed programme theory,tested against existing evidence,on what influences GPs actions and reactions to FGM in primary care consultations and where,when and why these influences are activated. 124 documents were included in the synthesis. The analysis showed that GPs need knowledge and training to help them support their patients with FGM,including who may be affected,their and how to talk sensitively about FGM. Access to specialist services and guidance may help them with this role. Reporting requirements may complicate these conversations.There is a pressing need to develop (and evaluate) training to help GPs meet FGM-affected communities’ health needs and to promote the accessibility of primary care. Education and resources should be developed in partnership with community members. The impact of the mandatory reporting requirement and the Enhanced Dataset on healthcare interactions in primary care warrants evaluation Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Europe Country(ies):United Kingdom Source

September 8, 2023

Coping and chronic psychosocial consequences of female genital mutilation in The Netherlands (2012)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Vloeberghs E,van der Kwaak A,Knipscheer J,van den Muijsenbergh M FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Chronic psychosocial. Objective: The study presented in this article explored psychosocial and relational problems of African immigrant women in The Netherlands who underwent female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C),the causes they attribute to these problems–in particular,their opinions about the relationship between these problems and their circumcision–and the way they cope with these health complaints. Study Population: women Findings: One in six respondents suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD),and one-third reported symptoms related to depression or anxiety. The negative feelings caused by FGM/C became more prominent during childbirth or when suffering from physical problems. Migration to the Netherlands led to a shift in how women perceive FGM,making them more aware of the negative consequences of FGM. Many women felt ashamed to be examined by a physician and avoided visiting doctors who did not conceal their astonishment about the FGM. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Europe Country(ies):Netherlands Source

Cosmetic Clitoridectomy in a 33-Year-Old Woman (2012)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding IV FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): David Veale and Joe Daniels FGM/C Type(s): IV Health area of focus: Sexual. Objective: To present an assessments for cosmetic clitoridectomy Study Population: a single case report on a 33-year-old married,heterosexual woman who had already had a cosmetic labiaplasty and was seeking a clitoridectomy for aesthetic reasons Findings: There were improvements in the satisfaction with her genital appearance,sexual satisfaction,and quality of life related to body image Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Europe Country(ies):United Kingdom Source

Counselling for deinfibulation among women with type III female genital mutilation: A systematic review. (2017)

This study is a Systematic review regarding III FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Bello,S.,Ogugbue,M.,Chibuzor,M.,Okomo,U.,& Meremikwu,M. M. FGM/C Type(s): III Health area of focus: N/A. Objective: To conduct a systematic review of the impact of counselling prior to deinfibulation on patient satisfaction,marital satisfaction,and rate of requests for reinfibulation among women living with type III FGM. The secondary aim was to assess the impact of male partner involvement in counselling on patient satisfaction,marital satisfaction,and rate of requests for reinfibulation. Study Population: Relied on articles Findings: There is no evidence to conclude that counselling before deinfibulation influences patients’ satisfaction with overall quality of care or rates of request for reinfibulation. Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Counselling professionals’ awareness and understanding of female genital mutilation/cutting: Training needs for working therapeutically with survivors (2017)

This study is a Descriptive research,Inferential research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Jackson,C. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: The study aimed at knowing about the understanding and awareness of FGM/C amongst counselling professionals. Study Population: Males and females BACP members Findings: Only a small proportion of respondents (10%) had knowingly worked with survivors of FGM/C. Overall,respondents lacked confidence in their awareness and understanding of FGM/C,including their safeguarding duties. Having cultural respect,knowledge and understanding was perceived as the most helpful factor when working with this client group. Less than a quarter of respondents had undertaken any training with regard to FGM/C,although the vast majority expressed a desire to do so. Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Europe Country(ies):United Kingdom Source

Counselling professionals’ awareness and understanding of female genital mutilation/cutting: Training needs for working therapeutically with survivors. (2017)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Jackson,C. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: N/A. Objective: To assess nderstanding and awareness of FGM/Camongst counselling professionals Study Population: The British Association for Counselling andPsychotherapy (BACP Findings: Only a small proportion of respondents (10%)had knowingly worked with survivors of FGM/C. Overall,respondentslacked confidence in their awareness and understanding of FGM/C,including their safeguarding duties. Having cultural respect,knowledgeand understanding was perceived as the most helpful factor whenworking with this client group. Less than a quarter of respondents hadundertaken any training with regard to FGM/C,although the vastmajority expressed a desire to do so Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Europe Country(ies):United Kingdom Source

Couples Victim of FGM (2015)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Stop FGM Middle East FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Sexual. Objective: Consequences of FGM on husbands married to women who have undergone FGM Study Population: Couples Findings: The wives in 206 couples had undergone FGM,while in the comparison group of 208 couples,wives had not undergone FGM. Husbands married to women who have undergone FGM suffer from sexual dysfunction,marital dissatisfaction and have a lower level of mental health. sexual function and mental health of women who had undergone FGM was lower than in the comparison group. Geographical coverage Region(s):Southern Asia Country(ies):Iran Source

Creating Spaces: Challenging Conventional Discursive Norms Surrounding the Marking of Women’s Bodies (2008)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Courtney Smith FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To examine the profound ways in which the female body is constructed Study Population: Women and men Findings: Aside from viewing female genital cutting as an inherited cultural tradition,the eighty Senegalese interviewees did not express a homogenous viewpoint regarding FGC. As the interviewees themselves vary in terms of where they live,levels of education,whether they are cut1 ,which ethnic identity they belong to,etc.: their responses to questions regarding FGC reflect this diversity. The opinions of the Senegalese men and women do tend to fall into three categories,or explanations of why FGC exists. These are: FGC as part of the passage to womanhood,FGC as a hygienic measure,and,finally,FGC for the protection of virginity. Along with these explanations,however,interviewees also express negative opinions regarding the practices. These opposing viewpoints are based on the decrease,or elimination,of female sexual pleasure,and the negative health consequences resulting from female genital cutting .Similar to the interview data collected in Senegal concerning female genital cutting discussed above,the American responses to FGC fall into categories. Unlike the Senegalese viewpoints,however,these categories are not based on the various rationales for FGC – Americans I spoke with are largely unaware of the reasoning behind the practices – but rather on their opinions about FGC in general. These responses from the sixty one interviews are distributed in three main camps that can be understood as Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa,North America Country(ies):Senegal,United States Source

Crime Victimization,Health,and Female Genital Mutilation or Cutting Among Somali Women and Adolescent Girls in the United States,2017 (2020)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): K Fox,C Johnson-Agbakwu FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: gynaecological. Objective: to examine if exposure to victimization( e.g homicide,violence,sexual assault,arson,kidnapping) is related to health problems,health care access and barriers,and health needs-beyond the effects of female genital mutilation or cutting among somali women and adolecsent girls. Study Population: women,adolescent girls Findings: Victims were 4 times more likely to experience depression or trauma and more than twice as likely to experience sexual intercourse problems,pregnancy problems,and gynecological problems. Among Somalis with FGM/C,victims had a 15% higher predicted probability of pregnancy-related health problems and a 19% higher predicted probability of gynecological health problems compared with nonvictimized Somalis with FGM/C. Geographical coverage Region(s):North America Country(ies):United States Source

Criminalizing Female Genital Mutilation in Some Islamic Countries Including Iran (2019)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Ehsanpour,S. R.,& Ehsanpour,S. F. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: This article presents some perspective on Female Genital Mutilation by focuses on Islamic countries law Study Population: Relied on articles Findings: Female Genital Mutilation is usual in some countries especially in Islamic countries due to belief that the Sharia made it necessary or at least called it recommended. Although there is no precise virtual and holy verses or texts approve this view but Female Genital Mutilation became a part of some countries custom and tradition. It is obviously a violent act against girls and women and governments try to prohibit it by criminalizing and determining sentence for its performance. Many international and regional instruments and documents also recommended against it. Geographical coverage Region(s):Southern Asia,Western Africa,Eastern Africa,Western Asia,Northern Africa Country(ies):Pakistan,Iran,Iraq,Bahrain,Kuwait,Yemen,Egypt,Liberia,Gambia,Ghana,Kenya Source