Comparative study of meanings,beliefs,and practices of female circumcision among three Nigerian tribes in the United States and Nigeria (2004)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Anuforo Prisca O.,Lola Oyedele,and Dula F. Pacquiao FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To gain insight into the meanings,beliefs,and practices of female circumcision among three Nigerian tribes in the United States and Nigeria Study Population: adult males and females from the three main Nigerian ethnic tribes: Igbo,Yoruba,and Hausa Findings: Findings revealed existence of similarities and differences in the cultural meanings,beliefs,and practices among the tribes. Religion,education,and occupation were significant factors influencing informants’ attitudes toward continuation of the practice. Government-sponsored public education and influence by the media were found to increase informants’ awareness of complications of female circumcision. Changes in attitudes toward the practice and use of alternative practices were evident Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa,North America Country(ies):Nigeria,United States Source

September 8, 2023

Conflict between traditional and biomedical views on effects of female genital cut on women’s health: The case in Marakwet Community,Kenya (2019)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Kipkorir,D.,Kareithi,J.,& Wandere,D. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: This paper is examines the “mind-set” of the Marakwet people on female circumcision and its effects on women’s health. It presents conflicting view between the Marakwet and biomedics on effects of female genital cut on women’s health and how this parallel outlook on the tradition has impeded anti-female circumcision campaigns in the community Study Population: The population of the study included community elderly men and women,opinion and religious leaders,NGOs managers and biomedical practitioners Findings: The study showed that the Marakwet convey an opposing view on female cut. The community insists that the ritual is not detrimental to women’s health as envisaged by biomedics but very useful for well-being of the female and her offspring. Though the insider’s standpoint on this tradition has no scientific basis,it remains the major driving force behind the persistence of female genital cut in the community. To counteract the problem,the study recommends incessant education of all members of the community so as to effectively understand negative effects of the cultural practice on women’s health Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Kenya Source

Conformity and change: community effects Female Genital Cutting in Kenya (2005)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Sarah R. Hayford FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To analyze women’s decisions to have their daughters circumcised based on data from 7,873 women in Kenya collected in the 1998 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey. Study Population: Women Findings: The study found some support for modernization theories,which argue that economic development leads to gradual erosion of the practice of female circumcision. However,more community-level variation is explained by the convention hypothesis,which proposes that the prevalence of female circumcision will decline rapidly once parents see that a critical mass of other parents have stopped circumcising their daughters. I also find substantial variation among different ethnic groups in the pace and onset of the decline of female genital cutting. Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Kenya Source

Connaisssances,Attitudes et Pratiques Des Meres Relatives a L’excision a Bamako (Mothers knowledges,attitudes and practices on female genital mutilation/cutting in Bamako) (2014)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Dicko-Traoré F,Diakité F,Diakité A,Konaté F,Keita J,Sidibé T,et al. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To assess the knowledge,attitude and practice of mothers about female genital mutilation Study Population: Mothers of girls hospitalized between June 1 and July 31,2011,in the Department of Pediatrics of the teaching hospital of Gabriel Touré,Bamako Findings: The prevalence of cutting was 73% (224 of 305). In 72.7% of cases,the area affected by the mutilation was unknown by the mother. Seventy percent (70%) of mothers found FGM beneficial and should even be mandatory (74.6%). Excision was associated with tradition and religious obligation for 65%,and 21.4% of mothers,respectively. More than half of the girls were circumcised before their first year (76.3%) and 26.3% in the neonatal period. The majority of mothers were against a law banning the practice of FGM (54%). Ninety five percent of mothers reported that they would renew the experience of FGM. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Mali Source

Conoscenze e immagini delle Mutilazioni Genitali Femminili: un’indagine sugli operatori dei servizi territoriali del Lazio(Knowledge and images of Female Genital Mutilation : a survey of operators of the territorial services of the Lazio) (2012)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): M. Misiti,F. Rinesi FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To discuss the main results of the project Stop- FGM which aimed to measure the knowledge ,attitudes ,stereotypes and direct experience of the phenomenon Female Genital Mutilation or Cutting Study Population: Healthcare workers,Social workers Findings: The study found that the absolute majority of respondents (90%) declared that they were aware of FGM/C phenomenon of but only 26% of operators claimed to have in-depth knowledge on this issue; while over 17% of health care workers (and 5% of social workers) did not know the phenomenon. The lack of in-depth knowledge on FGM/C was worrying,especially when you consider that respondents were operators serving in structures where the presence of foreigners from countries where you practice FGM/C was high. Only a small proportion of the sample (17 % of health workers and 4% of social workers had experience of professional training specific on the issue of FGM/C Geographical coverage Region(s):Southern Europe Country(ies):Italy Source

Consequences of Female Genital Mutilation on Girls’ Schooling in Tarime,Tanzania: Voices of the Uncircumcised Girls on the Experiences,Problems and Coping Strategies (2013)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Joseph Christopher Pesambili FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To investigate the consequences of FGM on girls’ schooling in Tarime District,Tanzania Study Population: Girls Findings: The results unfolded various experiences and problems of the uncircumcised girls due to FGM,including isolation,stigmatisation,lack of support in education,forced circumcision and forced marriages. The results also revealed various coping strategies used by school girls to overcome the FGM-based problems. These included seeking support from the relatives,religious institutions,schools and the government as well as the use of confrontational and avoidance coping strategies against stigmatisation. Generally,the results of this study indicated that uncircumcised schools girls were confronted with numerous FGM-based problems that affected their studies in different contexts and varied degrees of intensity. However,it was revealed that there were no reliable and realistic mechanisms in place to resolve the problems and support uncircumcised girls in their studies. However,it was revealed that there were no reliable and realistic mechanisms in place to resolve the problems and support uncircumcised girls in their studies Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Tanzania Source

Consequences of Female Genital Mutilation on Women’s Sexual Health – Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2021)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Nzinga AM,De Andrade Castanheira S,Hermann J,Feipel V,Kipula AJ and Bertuit J FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Consequences of FGM on women’s sexual function in women who have undergone FGM. Objective: To assess the consequences of FGM on women’s sexual function in women who have undergone FGM compared to women who have not undergone FGM Study Population: Studies included adult women having undergone FGM and presenting sexual disorders assessed by the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Findings: Of 129 studies,5 that met the criteria were selected. The sexual function of mutilated women,based on the FSFI total score and its different domains,was compared to the sexual function of non-mutilated women. There was a significant decrease in the total FSFI scores of mutilated women compared to non-mutilated women. However,the results obtained for the different domains were not the same for all authors. The meta-analysis highlighted a high heterogeneity with inconsistency and true variance in effect size between-studies. The analysis of these 5 selected studies showed that there is a significant decrease in the total FSFI score,meaning that FGM of any type may cause impaired sexual functioning; however,the results obtained for the different domains were not the same for all authors. The meta-analysis highlighted a high heterogeneity with inconsistency between the different studies. Therefore,a firm conclusion on this topic is not yet achievable because the results of this analysis do not allow to conclude a cause and effect relationship of FGM on sexual function. Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Consider the potential emotional and psychological consequences of female genital mutilation (Not specified)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Maria Lobo FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To consider the consequences of FGM/C on a woman’s mental wellbeing,using poetry,art and first-hand accounts to illustrate what she may go through Study Population: Women Findings: The study found that in interviews with 23 Senegalese circumcised women,all but one described the day of her circumcision as horrifying and over 80% still had unwanted re-experiences. It was likely that many women develop Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD),living with a range of symptoms including nightmares,hyper vigilance,insomnia,emotional detachment and overpowering emotions Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Senegal Source

Considering the neurobiological effects of female genital cutting (2008)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Einstein Gillian FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Neuropsychological. Objective: To look at how the brain and spinal cord are affected by FGM/C given that most types of FGM/C include excision of the clitoris which is highly innervated by nerves and their endings Study Population: Relied on articles Findings: The study concluded that a neurobiological analysis may help in understanding how cultural practices inscribe meaning on central nervous system structures,affecting mind as well as body Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Contingency,context,and change: negotiating female genital cutting in The Gambia and Senegal (2007)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Hernlund Ylva,Bettina Shell-Duncan FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To argue that both within and beyond the context of formal intervention,the decision of whether,when,and how to perform FGC results from a constant process of negotiation about how to position oneself in light of shifting social relationships,contexts,and experiences Study Population: Relied on articles Findings: The study concludes that proximate experiences and persons influence,in ongoing and sometimes conflicting ways,how individuals construct their “opinions” about the practice of FGM/C. It proposed that,to obtain an improved understanding of the dynamics of decisionmaking with respect to FGM/C,it would be essential to integrate the concept of contingency into theoretical models of behavior change Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Gambia,Senegal Source