Opinions of university students about female genital mutilation in Sudan (2019)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Akbas,M.,Birge,O.,Arslan,D.,& Ozbey,E. G. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the opinions of university students regarding FGM/C. Study Population: This descriptive study included 821 students who studied at Nyala University,Sudan,in January 2016 Findings: The rate of FGM/C among female university students was 80.1%. Although 73% of the male students prefer to marry uncircumcised women,they also reported that FGM/C should be continued to be performed,and their future daughters should be circumcised (64.5%). Female students were against FGM/C for their future daughters (77.6%) Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Sudan Source

September 8, 2023

Out of Eastern Africa: defibulation and sexual function in woman with female genital mutilation (2011)

This study is a Correlation research regarding III FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Krause Elke,Sonja Brandner,Michael D. Mueller,and Annette Kuhn FGM/C Type(s): III Health area of focus: Sexual. Objective: To determine sexual function before and after defibulation using a CO(2) laser in migrant women who had undergone FGM in the past. Study Population: Women who had undergone fibulation Findings: Eighteen patients underwent defibulation in a standardized manner and filled in the FSFI completely. Female sexual function improves after surgical defibulation in the domains desire,arousal,satisfaction,and pain whereas lubrification and orgasm remained unchanged. Defibulation using CO(2) laser may improve some aspects of sexual function in patients who undergo defibulation but not all. Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Outcome of labour in women with female genital mutilation (2003)

This study is a Correlation research regarding III FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Haroun Siddig FGM/C Type(s): III Health area of focus: Obstetrics. Objective: To determine the possible complications of labour in women with female genital mutilation and to determine the relationship of certain demographical factors to the FGM status of a woman Study Population: Women Findings: The prevalence of FGM among the studied women was 67 per cent and 82.8 per cent of women with FGM/C were infibulated. Tribe and religion were the main demographic factors affecting the FGM/C status of a woman. Women with female genital mutilation were found to have significantly narrower diameter of the introitus than those without FGM (P = 0.000). They also have longer mean duration of labour but this was not statistically significant. They were also found to have longer mean duration of the second and third stages of labour (P = 0.022 for 2nd stage and P = 0.000 for 3rd stage). The mean amount of postpartum blood loss was significantly greater in women with female genital mutilation (P = 0.00). Women with FGM were significantly at higher risk of having episiotomy during delivery (P = 0.000). They were also found to be more likely to have their labour augmented (P = 0.00556).There were no significant differences in the rate of caesarean section or instrumental vaginal deliveries. Regarding the fetal outcome,no significant differences were found in the Apgar score or rate of stillbirths Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Sudan Source

Outcomes of circumcision in women: A review of existing studies (2014)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Simbar,Masoomeh,Fatemeh Abdi,Farzaneh Zaheri,and Pooran Mokhtari.  FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: N/A. Objective: To investigate the studies on the outcomes of FGM.  Study Population: Relied on articles Findings: FGM is accompanied with complications,such as infection,painful intercourse,frequent urination,constant bleeding,painful menstruation,infection during pregnancy,and possibility of developing hepatitis and infertility in women. But since only few case-control studies have been conducted on investigating these effects in different countries,it›s not possible to deduce from some complications associated with FGM. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Asia Country(ies):Iraq Source

Outpatients’ perspectives on problems and needs related to female genital mutilation/cutting: a qualitative study from somaliland (2013)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Sarah Fried,Amina Mahmoud Warsame,Vanja Berggren,Elisabeth Isman,Annika Johansson FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To explore female outpatients’ perspectives on problems related to female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) and their views on information,care,and counseling Study Population: Female outpatients Findings: All participants had been ignorant of the etiology of their FGM/C-related complications and hesitant to seek care. All had undergone infibulation but did not wish the same for their daughters. In recent years they had learnt through religious leaders and media campaigns that infibulation was unapproved by Islam. A less severe FGM/C type,“Sunna,” was more accepted; however,few could define what “Sunna” meant. Condemning and ridiculing attitudes against uncircumcised women prevailed in their community. Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Somalia Source

Overactive bladder after female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) type III (2013)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding III FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Jasmine Abdulcadir,Patrick Dällenbach FGM/C Type(s): III Health area of focus: Sexual,gynaecological,dysmenorrhoea and superficial dyspareunia,Overactive bladder. Objective: To be surgically opened to start having complete sexual intercourse Study Population: A 27-year-old nulligravida Somali woman Findings: The postoperative immediate follow-up was uneventful. At day 7 postoperation,the patient referred no more voiding efforts but persistent urgencies and urinary incontinence. A conservative management consisting in counselling and biofeedback was proposed. Follow-up was scheduled after completion of biofeedback. Further tests would be scheduled according to response to the treatment. The patient was compliant to biofeedback,started to have sexual intercourse and became pregnant 2 months after surgery. Biofeedback re-educative therapy consisting of nine weekly sessions was well tolerated and continued until the end of the first trimester of pregnancy. At the end of the biofeedback she had good proprioception of her perineum,more capacity to retain urine and did not experience urgency or urge incontinence any more. Her micturitions went from 10 to 6 during the day and 5 to 3 during the night. These values might have been lower had the patient not been pregnant.6 She was satisfied with the care offered and the results achieved and reported a strong improvement of her quality of life. Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Somalia Source

Overcoming Female Genital Cutting An Examination of Approaches to Overcome the Harmful Traditional Practice: A Children’s Rights Perspective (2011)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Martina Döcker FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: This study about FGC examines approaches to overcome the harmful traditional practice,particularly implemented in programs and projects in Kenya. It focuses on children as rights-holders,whose rights need to be ensured through comprehensive interventions to abandon FGC Study Population: Analysing World Vision‟s Girl Child Promotion Project in Marigat,the “Alternative Rites Approach” of the Manadaleo Ya Wanawake Organization,and the “Fulda-Mosocho Project” and the “UN Joint Programme to Abandon Female Genital Mutilation/ Cutting. Findings: The review was complex and a reasonable selection was necessary. FGC,interventions to ensure children’s rights in Kenya,and protection of girls against harmful practice were selected as the main focus for this study. This proved to be challenging. The study offers an overview,but there are ongoing efforts to establish further legislation,policies and programs of the Kenyan Government to end FGC. Similarly,the approaches to overcome FGC make no claim to be complete,as there is further development and adaption to the different needs of communities in progress. Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Kenya Source

Overcoming female genital mutilation and internalised social norms in the context of migration : turning points and explanatory mechanisms (2021)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Afi A.  FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: This thesis identified the critical life event which caused turning points to occur at individual level and also examined the mechanisms that explained the change experienced by the migrant women Study Population: Migrant women Findings: The key findings enabled us to theorise and to propose a model of five phases (the suppression,the awakening,the clash,the reappropriation of self and the reconciliation),which explain the process of change of attitudes towards FGM. Our study provides avenues to develop strategies to promote the abandonment of FGM. Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Overview of legislation in the European Union to address female genital mutilation: challenges and recommendations for the implementation of laws (2009)

This study is a Explanatory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Leye Els,Sabbe Alexia FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To present an overview of criminal laws,child protection laws and professional secrecy provisions in the 27 member states of the European Union,the implementation of these laws in some EU countries and good practices and lessons learned regarding implementation of laws Study Population: Relied on legal cases Findings: Preliminary data of research on FGM legislation in EU member states,revealed the following information: – Austria: specific law – suspected cases reported by an NGO – doctors’ duty to report – Denmark: specific law – 1 criminal court case – duty to report – Finland: general law – several notifications to child welfare – duty to report – France: general law – 37 criminal prosecutions – reported & suspected cases (including child protection reports) – duty to report (compulsory and standard genital examination for all young girls up until the age of 6 by PMI21- physicians) – regional guideline in Paris – recently (15 April 2009) the government launched a new campaign against FGM (including informational brochure for the prevention of FGM) – Germany: general law – child protection interventions and suspected cases – right to report – campaign (started in 2008) to educate German doctors on FGM – Norway: specific law – 1 criminal case – many reports – national Action Plan for combating FGM (including guidelines with a description of roles,tasks and responsibilities of health providers,child welfare services and the police – Portugal: specific law – suspected cases – duty to report – Inter-institutional working group between NGO’s and public bodies to implement a range of measures in the area of prevention,sensitization,formation and cooperation – national Action Plan – Spain: specific law – 3 criminal cases under previous general law – reported cases – duty to report – regional action plans and protocols in Catalonia and Aragon. Sweden: specific law – 2 criminal cases – reported cases (including 1 case of temporary detention) – duty to report – National Action Plan (expired in 2007) – Switzerland: general law – 2 criminal cases – reported and suspected cases (including child protection cases) – duty to report – Explicit prevention programme in canton of Geneva and preventive genital screenings in canton of Zurich. – The Netherlands: general law – 1 recent criminal case – suspected and reported cases – guidelines (prevention protocol) for professionals (health education and social welfare sector). – United Kingdom: specific law – reported and suspected cases – duty to report – National FGM Action Plan and Multi-agency prevention & awareness campaign. However it has been difficult to implement these laws due to factors such as lack of evidence,lack of sufficient information by legal professionals Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Europe,Southern Europe,Northern Europe,Western Asia Country(ies):Austria,Belgium,Cyprus,Denmark,Italy,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden,United Kingdom Source

Pain as a counterpoint to culture: toward an analysis of pain associated with infibulation among Somali immigrants in Norway (2008)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding III FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Johansen R Elise B FGM/C Type(s): III Health area of focus: None. Objective: To examine personal experiences of physical pain and women’s reflections on these experiences,that is,how individual women experience and reflect on female circumcision (in this case infibulation) as lived bodily experience within shifting social and cultural framework Study Population: Women Findings: The study found that in Norway,where female circumcision is both condemned and illegal,most of the women have come to reconsider the practice – not merely as a theoretical topic or as a “cultural tradition” to be maintained or abolished but,rather,as part of their embodied and lived experience Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Europe Country(ies):Norway Source