Obstetric care at the intersection of science and culture: Swedish doctors’ perspectives on obstetric care of women who have undergone female genital cutting (2010)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding III FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Widmark C,Levál A,Tishelman C,Ahlberg BM FGM/C Type(s): III Health area of focus: Obstetrics. Objective: To explore how Swedish doctors care for women with FGM,explain and reason about their care and relevant policies in a Swedish context given that women affected by FGM/C might require special obstetric care,including an anterior episiotomy (defibulation) for infibulated women Study Population: Chief/senior Obstetricians,Senior House Officers Findings: There was little consensus among the interviewed doctors on what constitutes good obstetric care for women with FGC or how care should be provided. Major problems include: inconsistent policy and praxis; uncoordinated care trajectories; diffuse professional role responsibilities; difficulties in monitoring labour and fetal status; and inhibited communication. The data highlight the need for increased awareness and reflective praxis both on the part of individual practitioners,and on an organisational level,which takes account of the special needs of different users Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Europe Country(ies):Sweden Source

September 8, 2023

Obstetric care of women with female genital mutilation attending a specialized clinic in a tertiary center (2016)

This study is a Correlation research regarding I,II,III FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Abdulcadir Jasmine,Adeline Dugerdil,Michal Yaron,Olivier Irion,Michel Boulvain FGM/C Type(s): I,II,III Health area of focus: Obstetric. Objective: To look at the obstetric outcomes of women attending a specialized clinic for women with female genital mutilation Study Population: Women Findings: The study concluded that outcomes were similar to average outcomes for women without FGM/C presenting at the same department and in Switzerland generally. Specifically,20 women had a cesarean delivery. An assisted delivery was performed for 18 patients; among these,only eight had experienced obstructed labor. No statistically significant differences were found for the outcome measures when women with FGM type III were compared to FGM type I and II Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Europe Country(ies):Switzerland Source

Obstetric complications due to female genital mutilation (FGM) at N’Djamena Mother and Child Hospital (Chad) (2015)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding II,III FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Lhagadang Foumsou,Richard Norbert Nglalé,Jeanne Fouedjio,Gédéon Ndakmissou,Bray Madoué Gabkika,Sadjoli Damthéou,Philip Njotang Nana,Abdoulaye Sépou FGM/C Type(s): II,III Health area of focus: Obstetrics. Objective: To identify obstetric complications due to FGM/C Study Population: Women Findings: The study concluded that during the study period,there were recorded 312 births to women with genital mutilation,among 1905 deliveries,representing a prevalence of 16.4%. One hundred ninety-one cases of circumcised women responding to the inclusion criteria were selected. Most of these women were between the ages of 20 and 29. The extreme age group was 15 and 39 (with a mean of 24.5 years). FGM/C was significant in age group over 20 years (Khi2 = 10.8; OR = 2.6 [1.4 – 4.9]; P = 0.001). Type II represented 64.40% patients in the group of women with FGM.FGM type III was associated with a high proportion of maternal complication. Still births were significantly higher in the group of parturient with FGM (11.5%,P = 0.015). Geographical coverage Region(s):Middle Africa Country(ies):Chad Source

Obstetric consequences of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) (2013)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Berg Rigmor C FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Obstetric. Objective: Aimed to fill a gap in synthesized evidence of the obstetric sequelae of FGM/C Study Population: 44 primary studies,28 of which compared groups of women with FGM/C to women with no or different types of genital modifi cations Findings: Women who have undergone FGM/C seem to be more likely than non-cut women to experience prolonged labor,obstetric tears,instrumental delivery,obstetric hemorrhage,and diffi cult delivery. • Women with FGM/C type III (infibulation) seem to be more likely than women with FGM/C type I-II (clitoridectomy or excision) to experience problems during delivery. • There was not found a signifi cant difference in risk of cesarean section or episiotomy between women with FGM/C and women without FGM/C. • There was not found a signifi cant difference in risk of obstetric tears,cesarean section,or episiotomy between women with FGM/C type I and women with FGM/C type II Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Obstetric management of women with female genital mutilation (2007)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Mumtaz Rashid,Mohammed H Rashid FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Obstetrics management. Objective: To know about the practice of female genital mutilation,different types of mutilation procedures and associated medical complications,2)To learn about the obstetric complications and childbirth experience of women with the condition in the developed world, 3)To understand how delivery of obstetric services in the UK for women with genital mutilation could be improved,4)To understand the ethical and child protection issues associated with the practice Study Population: Relied on articles Findings: The study recommends that there is a need for systematic research to establish the true magnitude of health effects and morbidity associated with female genital mutilation as well as the incidence of complications during pregnancy,childbirth and the postpartum period Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Europe Country(ies):United Kingdom Source

Obstetric outcomes for women with female genital mutilation at an Australian hospital,2006–2012: a descriptive study (2016)

This study is a Descriptive research,Comparative research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Varol,N.,Dawson,A.,Turkmani,S.,Hall,J. J.,Nanayakkara,S.,Jenkins,G.,… McGeechan,K. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Obstetrics & Gynaecology. Objective: The study compared obstetric outcomes in women with FGM to women without FGM who gave birth in a metropolitan Australian hospital with expertise in holistic FGM management. Study Population: Women with and without FGM Findings: Two to three percent of women who gave birth in a metropolitan hospital had undergone FGM. The obstetric outcomes of women with FGM were comparable to those of women without FGM,with the exception of a statistically significant increased risk of first- and second-degree perineal tears and caesarean delivery. None of the caesarean sections were,however,conducted for FGM-related reasons. The ObstetriX database was only 35 % accurate in recording the correct FGM type. In an Australian urban hospital with experience in FGM management,women with FGM had the same obstetric outcomes as women without FGM. Specialized FGM services with clinical practice guidelines and healthcare professional education may raise the detection rate of FGM and enhance the obstetric management of women with FGM. Geographical coverage Region(s):Australia and New Zealand Country(ies):Australia Source

Omvang en opvattingen over vrouwelijke genitale verminking(views on FGM) (2007)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Kramer,M. A.,P. M. T. Dijkema,P. J. Tichelman,I. Joris,and A. P. Verhoeff. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: N/A. Objective: To investigate the extent to which FGM is encountered in the Netherlands and explore attitudes towards FGM Study Population: Health Workers,Primary School Teachers,Women Findings: All the three professional groups had an average knowledge of FGM but felt unprepared to discuss FGM with women in at-risk communities. The focus groups suggested that FGM of Somali girls may occur in the Netherlands. In Somalia,FGM was traditionally performed on girls 6 to 12 years of age,but emigration has stretched the at-risk period. Thus girls may be circumcised as babies or as adolescents. Some women in the focus groups approved milder forms of FGM. Religious beliefs had much influence on their approval. The women’s attitudes have changed over the last years as a result of religious study and public health information. Many women disapproved the Dutch prohibition and the compulsory check on girls at risk. Prohibition mainly causes delay of circumcisions. Health care workers,social workers,and school teachers may encounter FGM in the Netherlands Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Europe Country(ies):Netherlands Source

OP22 The global prevalence of female genital mutilation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of nationally representative studies (2021)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Farouki L, Dirani ZE, Abdulrahim S,et al FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: This systematic review examined the prevalence of FGM and its subtypes globally,by WHO region,and by country. Study Population: N/A Findings: Out of 3205 articles identified in the search,28 nationally representative studies were included in the meta-analysis,and these studies included estimates for women and girls in 27 and 34 countries,respectively.The pooled prevalence estimate of FGM in women aged 15–49 was 40% (95% CI:26–55%; I2 =100%) and 15% (95% CI:10–21%; I2 =100%) in girls aged 0–14 years old. The country with the highest FGM prevalence in women was Guinea (97%) and the lowest,Uganda (0.3%). The highest prevalence in girls was in Mali (77%),and the lowest in Ghana (0%). The most common FGM type was having flesh removed,at 69% (95% CI:59–79%) of women and 70% (95% CI: 55–84%) of girls,followed by having the genital area sewn shut with 11% of women (95% CI:4–20%) and 9% of girls (95% CI:6–12%). The pooled prevalence by WHO region was 39% (95% CI: 24–56%) for women and 15% (95% CI:9–22%) for girls in Africa,and 52% (95% CI:8–93%) for women and 20% (95% CI:6–39%) for girls in the Eastern Mediterranean.Conclusion There is large global variation in FGM,with the Eastern Mediterranean region recording the highest prevalence. Reassuringly,FGM is lower among girls,highlighting a declining trend in the practice. Some included reports may have underestimated FGM prevalence in girls due to continued risk; future studies should use age cohort analyses to monitor decline. Policy and community-level interventions are needed to meet SDG target 5.3. Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Opinion of Women in Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate Regarding Prohibition and Criminalization of Female Genital Cutting (2016)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Ragheb Seham Soliman,Maha Mohamed El-Habashy,and Randa Mohammed Abo Baker Abd El FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: The study aimed to get the opinion of women regarding prohibition and criminalization of female genital cutting (FGC Study Population: women attending five medical health centers located in at Kafr El-Sheikh governorate Findings: The main findings of the study revealed that more than one half (51.2 %) of the study sample were against prohibition and criminalization of FGC and only 27.2 % agreed that it should be prohibited and criminalized,while 3.6 % were uncertain. Mass media was the main source of information about the law,yet,at certain times mass media messages were ambiguous. As a result only one fifth of the sample changed their opinion about FGC during the previous year. Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Egypt Source

Opinions of Nyala University students about female genital mutilation (2018)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Akbas,M.,Birge,O.,Arslan,D. & Gazi,O. E. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the opinions of university students regarding FGM/C. Study Population: Nyala University students Findings: The prevalence of FGM/C among female college students was 80.1%. Although 73% of male students want to marry uncircumcised women,they believe FGM/C should continue and their future daughters should be circumcised (64.5 percent ). Female students were opposed to FGM/C for their daughters’ futures (77.6 percent ). This study demonstrates that even educated persons desire FGM/C while being aware of the risks. Therefore,it is recommended to continue educational studies on this topic. Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Sudan Source