Painful gynecologic and obstetric complications of female genital mutilation cutting A systematic review and meta analysis (2020)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Lurie,J. M.,Weidman,A.,Huynh,S.,Delgado,D.,Easthausen,I.,& Kaur,G. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Gynecologic and obstetric. Objective: This study aimed to estimate the odds of painful sequelae among women with FGM/C compared to women without FGM/C using pooled odds ratios with adjustment for study design Study Population: 111 studies met inclusion criteria,which included 77,324 women who had undergone FGM/C and 63,949 women without FGM/C Findings: In this study,we observed that specific painful outcomes are significantly more common in participants with FGM/C. Women who underwent FGM/C were around twice as likely as non-FGM/C women to experience dyspareunia,perineal tears,prolonged labor,and episiotomy. These data indicate that providers must familiarize themselves with the unique health consequences of FGM/C,including accurate diagnosis,pain management,and obstetric planning Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

September 8, 2023

Painful gynecologic and obstetric complications of female genital mutilation/ cutting: A systematic review and metaanalysis (2020)

This study is a Explanatory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): J Lurie,Al Weidman,S Huynh,D Delgado,I Easthausen,G Kaur FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: obstretics and gynaecological. Objective: to investigate the association between FGM/ C and painful gynecologic and obstetric complications in women affected by the practice. Study Population: women Findings: 10,807 abstracts,which included 559 full-text articles that were assessed for eligibility. Of these,443 studies were excluded because no quantitative data on pain parameters were presented (200) or they were unpublished works such as abstracts or conference proceedings (97),duplicates (48),unable to be located (77),or they included repeat data (21). 111 studies met inclusion criteria,which included 77,324 women who had undergone FGM/C and 63,949 women without FGM/C Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Pattern of Female Genital Mutilation among Adolescents Attending Secondary Schools’ in Enugu Metropolis (2021)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Chinawa AT,Chinawa JM,Ossai EN,Aronu AE,Ozokoli GE and Enebe J FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Health implications and consequences of FGM. Objective: The aim was to study the prevalence,pattern,cultural values,health implications and consequences of FGM among adolescent females attending secondary schools in Enugu metropolis. Study Population: Adolescent females aged 13–21 years who attended Girls’ Secondary Schools in Enugu Metropolis. Findings: Four hundred and fifty (450) questionnaires were distributed and four hundred and fourteen (414) were retrieved. The parents with moderate value for culture and tradition had the highest circumcised respondents (7.8%) (p = 0.056). Majority of the respondents,93.7% were aware of female circumcision. The major complications of female circumcision according to the respondents were painful urination and menstrual problems. The prevalence of female circumcision among the respondents was 9.4%. A minor proportion of the respondents,5.8% were of the opinion that all females should be circumcised. Respondents whose fathers attained tertiary education were three times less likely to be circumcised when compared with those whose fathers attained secondary education and less (adjusted odds ratio  = 0.3; 95% CI: 0.3–1.5).Conclusion Prevalence of FGM among adolescents aged 13–21 years in Enugu metropolis was 9.4%. Majority of the respondents had good knowledge of FGM,and major complications noted were painful urination and menstrual problems. Fathers education level is a very strong reason for this high awareness of FGM among female adolescents. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Nigeria Source

Patterns of Female Genital Cutting in Sierra Leone: A Preliminary Study (2008)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Ellen Gruenbaum FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: The study intended to the assess FGC practices in Sierra Leone and the potential for change using qualitative data on the following,for the purpose of crafting recommendations for strategies for abandonment Study Population: Not stated Findings: the study found out that FGC is a long-term tradition of all of the ethnic groups of Sierra Leone except for those Krio who are Christians (there are both Muslims and Christians among the Krios). Initiation includes both secret rituals and public celebrations. It continues with great vitality,although some aspects are in the process of change. The movement against the practices is not well developed,but in 2008 it is beginning to achieve public attention. From our interviews the reluctance of government entities at all levels to take on this issue is due to the widespread societal opposition to change and the perceived political sensitivity of the issue of initiation. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Sierra Leone Source

Perception and attitude of pregnant women in a rural community north-west Nigeria to female genital mutilation (2015)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Ashimi AO,Amole TG FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To find out the perception and attitude of pregnant women residing in a rural community in northern Nigeria to FGM Study Population: Pregnant women Findings: FGM is prevalent in this community with Gishiri cut being the commonest variety. It is often associated with difficult childbirth and many women would subject their daughters to this practice. Female education and empowerment is crucial to discontinuation of this practice Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Nigeria Source

Perception and attitudes of religious groups towards female genital mutilation (2005)

This study is a Explanatory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Magied Ahmed Abdel,Wifag Salah,Nayla ElTahir,Tamadur NurEldin,and Sahar Shareef FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To address the perception and attitudes of religious groups towards FGM practice Study Population: Religious groups (20 Sufists,Islamic Front 20,Mosque Imams 20,Ansar Sunna 20 and 20 Shariaa Law University Professors and Lecturers) Findings: Results show that,on the average only 50% of the respondents knew all types of FGM practiced in Sudan,5-25% did not know any of the practiced types. The least to know about the harmful effects of FGM were Shariaa Law University Professors and Lecturers (60%); 5-15% of the respondents denied any harmful effects of the practice. The majority of the respondents (60-90%) related the practice to Sunna only; 5% Sufists,5% Mosque Imams claimed its mention in Quran and only 10-40% denied its relation to Quran or Sunna with the least score (10%) for Shariaa Law University Professors and Lecturers. Correctness of Hadeeth on FGM was claimed by 35-65% of the respondents. The majority of the respondents (55-75%) prefer the uncircumcised state for their daughters; an exception; Shariaa Law University Professors and Lecturers (65%),prefer the circumcised state. The overwhelming majority of respondents (80% Sufists,70% Islamic Front,90% Shariaa Law University Professors and Lecturers) supported establishment of anti-FGM religious organization. It was,therefore,concluded that the target groups seem to have double standards in connection with FGM practice Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Sudan Source

Perception and barriers: reporting female genital mutilation (2018)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Gangoli,G.,Gill,A.,Mulvihill,N. & Hester,M. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: The purpose of this paper is to explore the perceptions of and barriers to reporting female genital mutilation (FGM) by victims and survivors of FGM to the police in England and Wales. Study Population: FGM victim-survivors Findings: A noteworthy conclusion of this study was that all victims/survivors contacted by the authors said that they did not favor FGM and would not perform it on younger women in their own family. Second,the authors discovered that none of the respondents had informed the police of their encounter. Third,they identified key barriers to reporting,such as their belief that reporting their own experience would serve no purpose because they had experienced FGM as children in another country,and their inability to report new incidents of FGM in the community due to a lack of trust in the police resulting from previous negative experiences. Lastly,they concluded that FGM could only be prevented by community-based initiatives,not through involvement with the criminal court system Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Europe Country(ies):United Kingdom Source

Perception and practice of female genital cutting in a rural community in southern Nigeria (2012)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Johnson Ofonime E.,and Rose D. Okon FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Gynaecological. Objective: To determine the awareness and practice of FGC in a rural community in southern Nigeria Study Population: Ayadehe women in Itu Findings: Majority,215 (98.6%) were aware of the practice of FGC. Type 2 FGC was the commonest type reported by 71.2% of respondents. Prevalence of FGC was 92.7%. A total of 69.8% were circumcised at 6-12 years. Health complications experienced included excruciating pains,(36.6%),severe bleeding,(15.8%),and painful urination,(26.7%). Up to 53.5% were circumcised by traditional birth attendants. The belief that FGM should be discontinued increased with educational level. The practice of FGC was high in this community. Increased female education,community involvement and legislation are needed to reduce this practice. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Nigeria Source

Perception of primary health professionals about Female Genital Mutilation: from healthcare to intercultural competence (2009)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Kaplan-Marcusan A,Torán-Monserrat P,Moreno-Navarro J,Castany Fàbregas MJ,Muñoz-Ortiz L FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To analyze the perceptions,degree of knowledge,attitudes and practices of the primary healthcare professionals in relation to FGM/C Study Population: Family physicians,Paediatricians,Nurses,Midwives,Gynaecologists Findings: The study found that out of the all the healthcare professional interviewed,16 percent declared detection of some case in 2004,rising three-fold from the number reported in 2001. 18 percent stated that they had no interest in FGM/C. Less than 40% correctly identified the typology,while less than 30% knew the countries in which the practice is carried out and 82% normally attended patients from these countries. Almost 18% of those surveyed expressed a lack of interest in the subject,with a significantly greater interest demonstrated by females. A statistically significant decrease was observed in the grade of knowledge of FGM/C (98.1% in 2001,94.7% in 2004) and in relation to the correct identification of the typology of FGM/C (48.7% in 2001,39.5% in 2004) among the women Geographical coverage Region(s):Southern Europe Country(ies):Spain Source

Perceptions and experiences of female genital mutilation after immigration to Sweden: an explorative study (2013)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Isman,Elisabeth,Cecilia Ekéus,Vanja Berggren FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: The aim of this study is to explore how women from part of the world where female genital mutilation (FGM) is normative perceive and experience FGM after immigrating to Sweden. Study Population: Women Findings: The women’s feelings were ambivalent: though they opposed FGM,on the one hand,because of its negative effects on health,they acknowledged the practice’s positive cultural aspects on the other hand. The themes that emerged from the interviews are the role of FGM in ensuring virginity and protecting a family’s honor,its role in avoiding shame and enhancing purity,social pressure experienced after immigration,an understanding of FGM as a symbol of the country of origin,and support for changing the tradition. Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Europe Country(ies):Sweden Source