Increasing certified nurse-midwives’ confidence in managing the obstetric care of women with female genital mutilation/cutting (2013)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Jacoby SD,Smith A FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Obstetric. Objective: Describes a comprehensive education program on FGM/C and the results of a pilot study that examined its effect on midwives’ confidence in caring for women with infibulation. Study Population: certified nurse-midwives (CNMs) Findings: Participants reported increased confidence in their ability to provide culturally competent care to immigrant women with infibulation when comparisons of preeducation and posteducation survey confidence logs were completed. Geographical coverage Region(s):North America Country(ies):United StateS Source

September 8, 2023

Indigenous empowerment of Tausug women in the practice of female agency and choice on female circumcision (2019)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Paiso,S. S. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: The study aims to propose an alternative view on female genital mutilation (FGM) by focusing on Pag-Islam/Pag-Sunnat and asking whether it could be seen as an activity of empowerment rather than a patriarchal imposition Study Population: Mothers; any Tausug Muslim female who has at least 1 daughter who was circumcised and has been a resident of Maharlika village or neighboring Muslim areas for at least 1 year. Key-Informant Interview (KII) group were any individual who has practiced being a traditional healer (Panday) in Maharlika Village for more than 5 years Findings: The different nuances to the practice espoused by the people in the study shows that there are many aspects to the practice that sadly goes unnoticed as the Philippine experience of FGM/C is lumped together with the other types of FGM/C in the world without sufficient discussion of its own uniqueness. Geographical coverage Region(s):Southeastern Asia Country(ies):Philippines Source

Indirect questioning method reveals hidden support for female genital cutting in South Central Ethiopia (2018)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Gibson MA,Gurmu E,Cobo B,Rueda MM,Scott IM FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: N/A. Objective: an indirect questioning method (unmatched count technique) to identify hidden support for FGC in a rural South Central Ethiopian community where the practice is common,but thought to be in decline Study Population: Arsi Oromo adults Findings: Our results demonstrate the great potential for indirect questioning methods to advance knowledge and inform policy on culturally-sensitive topics like FGC; providing more reliable data and improving understanding of the “true” drivers of FGC. Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Ethiopia Source

Infant-female genital mutilation (IFGM) in cities and the role of women in perpetuating FGM: a probe on why FGM persists in urban centers in Nigeria (2015)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): BN Onyima FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To examine: 1. The role of women in propagating FGM in cities. 2. Factors perpetuating FGM in cities 3. Ways this harmful cultural practice can be eliminated from the Nigerian cities Study Population: Women who have given birth to at-least a girl child Findings: Study found prevailing wrong notions/perceptions of the female body by women themselves,such as the ugliness of the clitoris which led women into FGM. Massaging infant vagina with Vaseline and other ointments,was notably from recent times considered as ‘alternative’ to FGM. There also seemed to be a preference for infant girl/female genital mutilation’ (IFGM) at an age when infants could neither complain nor resist,to teenage or adult girl/female’ genital mutilation (AFGM). This arguably was in a bid to avoid the stress parents,particularly grandmothers and mother-in-laws,went through while trying to convince a grown-up teenage girl child to succumb to the gruesome and painful cultural practice of ‘slicing the clitoris’. The study highlighted new dimensions to the practice of FGM in Nigeria,the role of women in propagating FGM and its child right implications. The study,therefore recommended that the search for beauty in the vagina must be discouraged among women through greater sensitization of city-women by National orientation agency,women legal professional associations,media,health institutions and sanctioning of culprits. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Nigeria Source

Infantile masturbation in an African female: is this a justification for female genital cutting? (2008)

This study is a Explanatory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Otaigbe Barbara Edewele FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Psychological,Sexual. Objective: Study Population: 15-month-old female Findings: Infantile masturbation was viewed by the pediatrician and a 10-minute video recording was taken to confirm the diagnosis. The mother was reassured,counseled about behavioral and environmental modification. There was a marked improvement when the baby was seen 6 weeks later. Infantile masturbation rarely diagnosed in our region is probably due to a low index of suspicion and because mothers are afraid of stigma. We suggest that infantile masturbation should always be considered as a differential diagnosis of strange movement mimicking epilepsy in infants,and when a diagnosis is made parents should be counseled against female genital cutting. A video recording is encouraged fora correct diagnosis. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Nigeria Source

Infectious Complications after Type I Female Genital Mutilation (2003)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding I FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Abdulrahim A. Rouzi FGM/C Type(s): I Health area of focus: Vulval sepsis and abscess. Objective: The objective of this case series was to report the occurrence of vulval sepsis and abscess following Sunna circumcision. Study Population: A two-month old girl,A ten-years-old girl,A 17-years-old Findings: Complications following FGM include hemorrhage,pain,infection,urinary retention,death,scarring and keloid formation,vulval epidermoid cysts,vulval abscess,recurrent urinary tract infection,psychological effects (flashbacks,anxiety and depression),sexual problems,and obstetrical sequelae. The rate of occurrence of these complications depends on many factors. This case-series documented the occurrence of vulval sepsis,abscess,and even loss of sexual desire and satisfaction after Type I FGM. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Asia Country(ies):Saudi Arabia Source

Infertility from female circumcision (2004)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding III FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Chen G,Dharia S P,Steinkampf M P,Callison S FGM/C Type(s): III Health area of focus: Obstetrics,Sexual,Diagnosis,Surgical management. Objective: To present a case report of a patient with primary infertility from female circumcision,the management of the patient,and a review of the literature Study Population: Women Findings: The study found out that there was resolution of dyspareunia,satisfactory postoperative sexual function,and pregnancy Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Asia Country(ies):Saudi Arabia Source

Infibulated women have an increased risk of anal sphincter tears at delivery: a population-based Swedish register study of 250 000 births (2013)

This study is a Correlation research regarding III FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Berggren Vanja,Gottvall Karin Isman,Elisabeth Bergström,Staffan ekéus,Cecilia FGM/C Type(s): III Health area of focus: Anal shincter tear and infibulation. Objective:  To investigate the risk for anal sphincter tears (AST) in infibulated women Study Population: Women Findings: Compared with Swedish-born women,women from Somalia had the highest odds ratio for AST in all vaginal deliveries: 2.72 (95%CI 2.08-3.54),followed by women from Eritrea-Ethiopia-Sudan 1.80 (1.41-2.32) and other African countries 1.23 (0.89-1.53) after adjustment for major risk factors. Mediolateral episiotomy was associated with a reduced risk of AST in instrumental deliveries.  Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Europe Country(ies):Sweden Source

Influence of cultural traditions on the reproductive health of Somali women refugees in Nairobi County,Kenya (2013)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Fedha Joseph FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: The objectives of the study were to establish the impact of traditional birth attendants to maternal health among Somali refugees in Nairobi; to investigate the extent to which attitudes towards family planning and contraception among Somali refugee women in Nairobi has an effect on their reproductive health; to determine the influence of female circumcision on reproductive health among Somali women refugees in Nairobi; and to establish the influence of food taboos on reproductive outcomes among Somali women refugees in Nairobi. Study Population: Somali refugee women  Findings: s Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Kenya Source

Influence of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting on Health Morbidity,Health Service Utilization and Satisfaction with Care among Somali Women and Teenage Girls in the United States (2022)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Johnson-Agbakwu,C.E.,Fox,K.A.,Banke-Thomas,A. et al FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: The study was a comprehensive examination of health morbidity among women and teenage girls with and without FGM/C in a Somali migrant community. Study Population: Somali Women and Teenage Girls in the United States Findings: The majority of respondents had undergone FGM/C (79%). Respondents with FGM/C experienced significantly more health concerns compared to uncut women and girls,with those possessing Type III FGM/C experiencing significantly more obstetric,gynecologic,sexual,and mental health morbidity than those with Type I or Type II. Rates of service use,while varied,were low overall,particularly for mental health services,even with health insurance. The majority of respondents who sought care indicated that their concerns were resolved,and they were satisfied with the healthcare received.Conclusions Community-engaged strategies that build upon satisfaction with care of women who seek care to enhance trust,nurture community embeddedness and facilitate peer navigation,while equipping health and social service providers with the competency and tools to provide respectful,trauma-informed care,will be critical to advance health equity for FGM/C-affected communities. Geographical coverage Region(s):North America Country(ies):United States Source