Female Genital Mutilation: Its Physical-Social Effects on Individuals and Reasons for Its Persistence among Communities (2014)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): John Kimathi Nkanatha,Mary Nyanjugu Karuri FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: This paper looked at female genital mutilation (FGM) and attempts to outline some of the reasons for the persistence of the practice in many parts of the world despite concerted efforts to eradicate the practice Study Population: Women Findings: The study concluded that FGM has serious physical and mental consequences for the woman who undergoes it. In order to eliminate the practice,there is need for concerted efforts to advocate against the practice with a stress on its harmful effects by supporting programmes and activities aimed at eradicating FGM. The girl child should be educated with a view to liberating her and sensitizing her on her rights and the dangers of FGM. Parents should be discouraged from the practice through Information,Education and Communication (IEC). Support should be given to girls who refuse to undergo the rite. This can be done through offering them shelter and protection. The girls should be encouraged not to succumb to peer pressure. Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Kenya Source

September 8, 2023

Female Genital Mutilation: Knowledge and Skills of Health Professionals (2021)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Molina-Gallego B,Mordillo-Mateos L,de Corral GM,Gómez-Cantarino S,Polonio-López B and Ugarte-Gurrutxaga MI FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: The main goal of the study was to assess knowledge,attitudes and perceptions of healthcare professionals in relation to FGM Study Population: Primary Healthcare and Specialized Healthcare with the following profiles: nursing,midwifery,general practice,pediatrics and gynecology–obstetrics. Findings: :In total,1168 professionals answered the surveys. Just 13.9% indicated that they had received training in FGM,however just 10.7% correctly identified the three types of FGM,10.7% the countries where it is usually practiced,33.9% knew the legislation in Spain and only 4.4% found a case of FGM during their professional practice. Regarding the knowledge about protocols,8.64% of the sample indicated to know one of them. Conclusion: The present study demonstrate that it is necessary to improve the training and awareness of healthcare professionals related to FGM in Castilla la Mancha. Geographical coverage Region(s):Southern Europe Country(ies):Spain Source

Female genital mutilation: knowledge,attitude and practice among nurses (2006)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Onuh SO,Igberase GO,Umeora JO,Okogbenin SA,Otoide VO,Gharoro EP FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To determine the knowledge,attitude and practice of FGM among nurses Study Population: Nurses Findings: Nurses perceived FGM in Benin as cultural. Almost half have had FGM themselves,and a small percentage recommend it to their daughters. The harmful effects of FGM identified by the majority of respondents include hemorrhage,difficult labor/childbirth,genital tears,infections and scar/keloid formation. Forty-four (24.2%) of respondents were of the opinion that some forms of FGM are harmless. Eighty nurses admitted to having undergone FGM,for a prevalence of 44%. Five respondents (2.8%) viewFGM as a good practice and will encourage the practice. Twelve respondents (6.6%) routinely perform FGM out of which seven (58.3%) viewedFGM as a bad practice. Nurses performing FGM routinely were those who had spent >20 years (59%) and 11-20 years (41%) in the profession. Another 26 (14.3%) had performed FGM before,though not on a routine basis Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Benin Source

Female genital mutilation: knowledge,attitude and practices of Flemish midwives (2015)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Cappon S,L’Ecluse C,Clays E,Tency I,Leye E FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge,attitude and practices of Flemish midwives regarding female genital mutilation (FGM). Study Population: Midwives Findings: 820 valid questionnaires (40.9%) were returned. More than 15% of the respondents were recently confronted with FGM. They were mostly faced with the psychological and sexual complications caused by FGM. Few respondents were aware of existing guidelines regarding FGM in their hospitals (3.5%). The results also showed that only 20.2% was aware of the exact content of the law. The majority of midwives condemned the harmful traditional practice: FGM was experienced as a form of violence against women or a violation of human rights. Only 25.9% declared that FGM forms a part of their midwifery program. The vast majority of respondents (92.5%) indicated a need for more information on the subject. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Europe Country(ies):Belgium Source

Female genital mutilation: knowledge,attitudes and practices of Flemish gynaecologists (2008)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Leye E,Ysebaert I,Deblonde J,Claeys P,Vermeulen G,Jacquemyn Y,Temmerman,M FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To assess the knowledge,attitudes and practices with regard to female genital mutilation (FGM) among gynaecologists in Flanders,Belgium Study Population: Gynaecologists,Trainees Findings: The survey revealed gaps in the knowledge of FGM and the provision of care by Flemish gynaecologists to women who had been mutilated. It also appeared that FGM was not properly addressed in the basic and specialized medical training in Flanders,that little was known about codes of conduct issued by the hospitals when these were not lacking altogether,and that knowledge about legislation concerning FGM was deficient. There was much confusion whether re-infibulation is authorized,and what its legal status is. Some respondents considered cosmetic vaginal surgery as a form of FGM and many were in favour of the medicalization of FGM. Gynaecologists were most commonly confronted with complaints related to sexual problems caused by FGM. Finally,the study also showed that only about a third of the gynaecologists were discouraging women from having their daughters excised Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Europe Country(ies):Belgium Source

Female genital mutilation: origin,beliefs,prevalence and implications for health care workers caring for immigrant women in Australia (2007)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Ogunsiji O, Wilkes L, Jackson D FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To find out the origin,beliefs,prevalence and implications for health workers caring for immigrant women in Australia Study Population: Relied on articles Findings: The study found that there was a need for heightened awareness of issues around FGM/C so as to better provide adequate physical and psychological support to women affected by FGM/C Geographical coverage Region(s):Australia and New Zealand Country(ies):Australia Source

Female Genital Mutilation: perceptions of healthcare professionals and the perspective of the migrant families (2010)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Kaplan-Marcusán A,Del Rio NF,Moreno-Navarro J,Castany-Fàbregas MJ,Nogueras MR,Muñoz-Ortiz L,Monguí-Avila E,Torán-Monserrat P FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To describe the knowledge,attitudes and practices of the primary healthcare professionals,working in 25 health care centres in Barcelona and Girona regions,regarding FGM,as well as to investigate the perception of this subject among the migrant communities from countries with strong roots in these practices Study Population: Healthcare Professionals Findings: Knowledge of these harmful practices and a preventive approach from a transcultural perspective may represent a positive intervention model for integrative care of immigrants,respecting their values and culture while also being effective in eliminating the physical and psychic consequences of FGM Geographical coverage Region(s):Southern Europe Country(ies):Spain Source

Female Genital Mutilation: Policies to Encourage Abandonment (2011)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Melissa Arneson FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To look at the different aspects on FGM/C Study Population: Relied on DHS datasets Findings: The study assumed,wrongly,that FGM/C was only practiced in remote areas of Africa where educational opportunities were few and outside influences were nil. However,it found that FGM/C was practiced in many countries in Africa,the Middle East,and around the world. It was a barbaric practice that has no religious significance and is incredibly harmful to women and their health,both mentally and physically Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Egypt Source

Female genital mutilation: potential for HIV transmission in sub-Saharan Africa and prospect for epidemiologic investigation and intervention (2007)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Monjok E,Essien EJ,Holmes L Jr FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: HIV. Objective: To examine FGM/C and the possibility of HIV transmission through the procedure of FGM/C Study Population: Relied on articles Findings: The results indicated ongoing FGM practice,albeit prevalence reduction,due probably to the increasing knowledge of the consequences of FGM as a result of non-sterile techniques. Secondly,the complications of FGM are well established which include Genitourinary disorders. Further,while data is limited on HIV transmission via FGM,the study concluded that there was biologic plausibility in suggesting that FGM may be associated with increasing prevalence of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Female genital mutilation: prevalence,associated factors and health consequences among reproductive age group women in Keffa Zone,Southwest,Ethiopia (2022)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Gudeta TA,Regassa TM,Gamtessa LC FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Health consequences of FGM among reproductive age group women. Objective: To assess female genital mutilation: prevalence,associated factors,and health consequences among reproductive age group women in Keffa Zone,Southwest,Ethiopia Study Population: Reproductive age group women in Keffa Zone,Southwest,Ethiopia Findings:  Almost all,729 (97.2%) of mothers expressed that they heard about female circumcision. However,less than one-fourth,159 (21.2%) of mothers were circumcised. Among those 159 women ever circumcised,52 (32.7%) reported that they experienced the complication of female genital mutilation.The prevalence of female genital mutilation of daughters’ younger than 15 years was 12 (1.6%). Rural residence [AOR 6.74,95% CI (2.70-16.85)],being Muslim and Protestant follower by their religion [AOR 0.19,95% CI (0.07-0.53] and [AOR 0.54,95% CI (0.30-0.98)] respectively and occupational status of the husband; Merchant [AOR 7.29; 95% CI (3.66-14.51)],Daily laborer[AOR 2.70,95% CI (1.14-6.40)] and others (drivers and students) [AOR 6.70,95% CI (1.55-28.95] were statistically significantly associated with female genital mutilation.Conclusion: In this study,prevalence of female genital mutilation practice among daughters and women of reproductive group was low as compared to a national data. However,that much magnitude still seeks attention as Ethiopia planned to end the practice. Religion,place of residence,and occupational status of the husband were statistically significantly associated with female genital mutilation. Therefore,any strategy to end up the practice better considers dimension of all these variables. Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Ethiopia Source