Female genital mutilation: Experience in a West London clinic (2007)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Gordon,Harry,Huguette Comerasamy,and N. H. Morri FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To serve the needs of a mainly Somali population who had suffered genital mutilation in childhood Study Population: Somali population Findings: Between June 1997 and January 2005,4,125 clinic attendances were recorded. A total of 215 reversals of circumcision were carried out (FGM 3),all on a day-care basis. In the majority of cases,an intact and undamaged clitoris was found under the scar tissue. The clinic staff were able to draw attention to cultural and religious issues which proved important in the medical management of these women. The experience of this clinic has shown that where there is a large immigrant population of women from the Horn of Africa,clinics such as this are efficient and cost-effective and encourage women to attend with a variety of health concerns. The clinic also encourages these women to take their health concerns seriously. Geographical coverage Region(s):North America Country(ies):United States Source

September 8, 2023

Female genital mutilation: Experiences,attitudes and perceptions of Somali female students living in Turkey (2021)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Kartal Y.A and Yazici S. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the experiences,attitudes,and perceptions of Somali female students regarding female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C). Study Population: Somali female students living in Turkey Findings: It was determined that most (49.9%) of these girls were exposed to type-2 FGM/C. Eighty-eight percent of the girls participating in the study stated that they support the continuation of this practice in future generations.Practice implications: For risk groups in Turkey,organizing health education programs,training healthcare professionals in Turkey about FGM/C,and creating awareness are recommended. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Asia Country(ies):Türkiye Source

Female genital mutilation: Exploring strategies for ending ritualized torture; shaming,blaming,and utilizing the convention against torture (2008)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Broussard Patricia A FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To graphically describe FGM; discuss the background of FGM and its health,psychological,and social implications; propose some workable solutions to ending FGM; and raise the level of awareness of the pain and suffering of women around the world Study Population: None Findings: The most obvious way to eradicate FGM is to raise the status of women worldwide Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Female Genital Mutilation: Finnish Midwives’ experiences (2021)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Barasa,H.A; Pakomaa,I.M.A FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: The aim of this study was to enhance the competencies,knowledge and understanding of midwives on how to respond to the needs of women affected by female genital mutilation. The primary objective was to identify the special needs of genitally mutilated women in labour and delivery unit. The secondary objective was to develop recommendations for midwives to assist in assessing,planning,and implementing care of genitally mutilated women during labour and the delivery process. Study Population:  Midwives taking care of FGM women in labour and delivery units of Finnish hospitals Findings: From the result of the analysis,four themes emerged. These included: a) management of pain due to deinfibulation,b) all inclusive support during labour and delivery for FGM women,c) culturally sensitive care and challenges in communication,and d) midwives’ lack of knowledge,experience and feeling unprepared to handle women who have undergone FGM. The findings of the present study indicate that FGM is largely a cultural practice,and many of the women who have undergone FGM and reported to the Finnish women`s hospital labour and delivery unit were coming from different cultural backgrounds across the globe. The Finnish midwives highlighted the need for diversity management training for midwives in order to provide culturally competent care in the labour ward and delivery unit. In addition,there was a knowledge gap hence the need for the hospital management team to organise continuous education programs addressing how to take care of FGM women during labour and the delivery process. In conclusion,FGM continues to be a serious global health crisis that needs to be addressed accordingly to enhance the provision of quality maternal health care,especially during the labour and delivery process. The present study has used the World Health Organisation’s guidelines to recommend continuous special training and supportive supervision for midwives to improve their expertise,skills and confidence hence providing holistic care in labour and delivery units to women who have undergone FGM. Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Europe Country(ies):Finland Source

Female Genital Mutilation: From the Life Story of Girls in Remote Villages in Pokot County,Kenya (2015)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Amal K Halder,Shiuli Das and Golam Dostogir Harun FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To describe the situation of FGM/C victims in Pokot County,located in a remote area of northwest Kenya Study Population: Girls, teachers,local leaders,local officials of Area Development Program Findings: FGM/C was common and popular among the Pokot community mainly because the event brings the social recognition of an adolescent or adult female to become eligible for her marriage. Although the hazardous FGM/C practices encompassed many health dangers as witnessed by the Pokot community girls/women,the Pokot community fought to maintain the custom as because it represented prestige and identity,which was their duty and responsibility to maintain. Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Kenya Source

Female genital mutilation: generalities,complications and management during obstetrical period (2004)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Carcopino X.,R. Shojai,and L. Boubli FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Management during obstetrical period. Objective: Evaluation of female genital mutilation complications and their clinical management. Study Population: Findings: Female genital mutilation is still performed in some regions of Africa. Although female genital mutilation are often considered as a religious act,tradition and social habits seems to be the best explanation. Infibulation is the most severe form,in which the clitoris,the labia minora and part of labia majora are removed. Stitching of the raw surfaces created covers the urethra and the vaginal entrance. There only remains a small opening at the base of the vulva. Health consequences directly depend on the severity of the initial mutilation. They are more severe in infibulated women. Pregnancy,childbirth and the obstetrical period are particuliary dangerous for the mother and the child. Female genital mutilation contributes to childhood and maternal mortality and morbidity. Decreasing the impact depends on the obstetrical team’s competence. Defibulation is absolutely necessary for the delivery of infibulated women. This simple surgical act can be performed under local anesthesia. Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Female genital mutilation: have we made progress? (2003)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Toubia NF,Sharief EH FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To establish wether there is progress in the abandonment of FGM Study Population: not stated Findings: This review documents substantial changes towards the practice of FGM in the past 20 years. Although part of the change maybe the result of changing social and economic conditions unrelated to direct anti-FGM projects-such as urbanization,women’s education and smaller family size-the scale of the change over a relatively short period of time suggests that at least some of the project investment has reaped benefits. It also indicates that these efforts are currently at a crucial point in their history with emerging clarity on what may be the most effective methods and approaches. Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Female Genital Mutilation: Health Consequences and Complications—A Short Literature Review (2018)

This study is a Comparative reserach,Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Klein,E.,Helzner,E.,Shayowitz,M.,Kohlhoff,S.,& Smith-Norowitz,T. A. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare literature sources regarding the practice and negative outcomes of FGM as well as explore the phenomena perpetuating the custom. Study Population: Relied on articles Findings: FGM has short- and long-term physiological and psychological repercussions. There is a high risk of complications if sterile equipment,antiseptics,and antibiotics were not used. Staphylococcus infections,UTIs,severe discomfort,and hemorrhaging are primary infections. HIV,Chlamydia trachomatis,Clostridium tetani,and herpes simplex virus (HSV) 2 are significantly more common in Type 3 mutilated women than in other categories. Because of insufficient health care in low-income countries,short-term problems increase mortality risk. While data on FGM mortality is unknown and hard to get,1 in 500 circumcisions resulted in death. Sudanese case-control research debunked the idea that the technique protects against STIs,like male circumcision. After the wound heals,victims suffer physiological,psychological,and birthing difficulties. Keloid scar tissue is one of the most common long-term consequences. FGM scars can cause women anxiety and humiliation. Entrapped nerves in a scar can induce neuromas and extreme pain,especially during sexual activity. First sexual encounters require painful dilation of the mutilation hole. In Sudanese research,15% of women reported cutting before penetration. Cysts,haematocolpos,dysuria,recurrent urine infections,and infertility may also occur. Complications during childbirth increase maternal death rates for intubated mothers. Inbulated women (genitals tightly closed) are sliced in the perineum area to deliver the baby safely. FGM has been associated with medical,sociocultural,and economic consequences [9,38]. Elimination of FGM is possible through directing resources in an efficient manner. Targeted interventions can include cultural and ethnical proponents. .us,future research should explore the effects of intervention strategies to prevent FGM. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa,Eastern Africa,Middle Africa,Northern Africa Country(ies):Nigeria,Ethiopia,Egypt,Central African Republic Source

Female Genital Mutilation: health related problems among the Somali Community in Garissa Town,Kenya (2002)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Elmi Major Mohammed Yussuf FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Health related problem of FGM among the Somali. Objective: To evaluate the health related effects of female genital mutilation among the Somali community in Garissa town. Study Population:  The Somali community Findings: FGM appeared hazardous to health,as the majority of the study population (63.5%) had developed health problems after circumcision and there was a significant relationship between number xi of health problems and type of circumcision (X2 = 12,P::;0.05). However,there was a dramatic shift from the traditionally preferred type of circumcision,namely infubilation,to a milder type of FGM,the clitoridectomy adopted by most of the respondents (42.2%) compared to only (24.1%) who had undergone infubilation. Education had played an important role in this change of attitude from infubilation to clitoridectomy and there was a significant association between education level of respondent and the type of FGM preferred (X2 = 9,P< 0.05) Despite education and health problems associated with FGM some 67.6% of the respondents wanted FGM to be continued and believed it had some benefits. Eradication of FGM did not appear easy and achievable in the near future but there was a change from harmful type of FGM to the relatively harmless type,clitoridectomy. Most of the respondents (52%) preferred the Islamic Sunna type,which involved the removal of the prepuce of the clitoris and was as harmless as the male circumcision Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Kenya Source

Female genital mutilation: implications for female sexuality (2003)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Nwajei Samuel Dibieamaka,Andrew Iwesim Otiono FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To find out how female genital mutilation (FGM) affects the sexuality of female students at Delta State University,Abraka,Nigeria Study Population: University students Findings: The study found that the students who were circumcised favored circumcision more than those who were not circumcised. It also found out that being circumcised did not lead to early sexual experience. Based on the findings of this study,it was recommended that campaigning against female genital mutilation should be waged against those women who are already circumcised and women with low level of education Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Nigeria Source