A qualitative study exploring how Somali women exposed to female genital mutilation experience and perceive antenatal and intrapartum care in England. (2016)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Jordan M Moxey,Laura L Jones FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To explore how Somali women exposed to female genital mutilation experience and perceive antenatal and intrapartum care in England Study Population: Women Findings: Female genital mutilation had a significant physical and psychological impact,influencing decisions to undergo deinfibulation or caesarean section. Women delayed deinfibulation until labour to avoid undergoing multiple operations if an episiotomy was anticipated.: Awareness of female genital mutilation from midwives led to open communication and stronger relationships with women,resulting in more positive experiences.Good language skills and social support networks enabled women to access these services,while unfavourable social factors (eg,inability to drive) impeded. Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Europe Country(ies):United Kingdom Source

September 8, 2023

A qualitative study of women’s lived experience after deinfibulation in the UK (2013)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding III FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Safari Faezeh FGM/C Type(s): III Health area of focus: Psychological,Sexual. Objective: To explore women’s experiences of deinfibulation and its aftermath. Study Population: Somali and Eritrean origin who had Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) type III previously and underwent deinfibulation between January 2008 and September 2009. Findings: Marital factors and stability of the relationship influence the experience of deinfibulation. Those women who said they had discussed deinfibulation with their husband in advance,and that he had agreed to the procedure,reported less problems afterwards. Single women who had deinfibulation before marriage may face more difficulties in terms of social acceptability within their community. Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Europe Country(ies):United Kingdom Source

A rare cause of infertility: A late complication of female genital mutilation (2016)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding II FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Ferjaoui Mohamed Aimen, François Monneins, Gharrad Majed, Belaiba Amine FGM/C Type(s): II Health area of focus: Gynaecological,sexual. Objective: To report a case of a rare long-term complications of FGM and how to manage it Study Population: A 36-year-old Malian women Findings: A 36-year-old Malian women,gravida 1 para 1,presented a two-year-secondary infertility. Her medical history was marked by a genital excision at the age of 5 years,she had no memory about this incident and she avoided to talk about. She had a vaginal delivery 2 years ago without complications. Since two years,the patient felt embarrassed to do sexual intercourse because of a vulvar tumor which increased in size gradually. She had no pelvic pain neither dyspareunia but she described recently a hypoactive sexual desire. The clinical examination showed a vulvar tumor covered by a regular skin depending on the clitoral area measuring 7 cm. This tumor had a soft consistence without adhesion to the deep planes. The urinary meatus was individualized and uncompressed. All vulva elements appeared normal (labia majora,labia minora,vestibule and vaginal orifice) except clitoral area marked by the vulvar tumor located in the scar of the mutilation. Patient recognized psychological discomfort specially during sexual intercourse. An ultrasound imaging was performed,it showed a multi-locular cystic tumor measuring 4 cm × 7 cm with heterogeneously dense contained. The decision was to perform a cystectomy and a vulvar plastic procedure under spinal anesthesia. Through a vertical incision dissection of the cyst was done. Cystectomy was performed after ligation of the cyst pedicle. The root of the glans clitoris was individualized. Finally a clitoral reconstruction and vulvoplasty were performed. The histologic examination showed an epidermic cyst containing abundant laminated keratin. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Europe Country(ies):France Source

A realist synthesis of controlled studies to determine the effectiveness of interventions to prevent genital cutting of girls (2013)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Rigmor C.,Berg,Eva M. Denison FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To systematically review the effectiveness of anti-FGM/C interventions,applying a realist perspective Study Population: Effectiveness studies and context studies Findings: Eight effectiveness studies and 27 context studies were included. All of the effectiveness studies employed a controlled,before-and-after study design. They formed five broad categories of intervention: training,formal classroom education,media communication,outreach and advocacy,and informal adult education. The CMO configurations showed that the proposed engine behind changing behaviours regarding FGM/C appeared largely to be dissemination of information. Some interventions’ acceptability and success rested on the incorporation of FGM/C abandonment efforts within a larger set of related issues. However,greater success of the interventions could have materialised with systematic pre-planning involving thorough community analyses and securing religious leaders’ commitment to halting FGM/C. Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

A religious oriented approach to addressing FGM/C among the Somali Community of Wajir,Kenya (2007)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding I FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Abdi Maryam Sheikh FGM/C Type(s): I Health area of focus: None. Objective: To utilize a religious approach to educate the community on the harms of FGM/C,both religiously and medically,so that they question the rationale for its continuation. This strategy is meant to generate discussion with respect to the correct position of Islam on FGM/C and hopefully build consensus among the religious scholars on this matter Study Population: Women,Men,Youth,Religious Leaders,Primary School Teachers,Police Officers Findings: Religious leaders agreed that sunnah type of FGM/C is actually a mubaah practice. This is an act that is permissible for Muslims,but for which there is no religious benefit if practised and no harm if not practised. This is very different from a sunnah act,which does have religious rewards and virtues associated with its practice. This agreement was a break-through,because it is easier to use this position to publicly question the continuation of the practice as it has no authentic basis in Islam and no associated rewards,and so all the physical and psychological harms are incurred without any corresponding benefit Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Kenya Source

A review of determinants of female genital mutilation in Nigeria (2010)

This study is a Explanatory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Kolawole A. O.,and Anke Van de Kwaak FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To review of determinants of female genital mutilation in Nigeria Study Population: None Findings: The main determinants in Nigeria were environment,gender and healthcare. FGM occur in all geo-political zones in Nigeria. The trend to ‘medicalise’ FGM is worrisome and willingness of some mothers including health workers to perpetuate it shows the complexity of the determinants Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Nigeria Source

A Review of Female Genital Cutting (FGC) in the Dawoodi Bohra Community (2019)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding IV FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Bootwala,Y. FGM/C Type(s): IV Health area of focus: N/A. Objective: The aim of this first review out of a three-part series is to provide an overview of the practices of genital cutting including male circumcision,genital alteration of children with ambiguous genitalia,and clitoral hood reduction in Western societies; and type IV FGC in Southeast Asia Study Population: The review paper highlights two studies. Interviews with 262 Malay women from Malaysia comprisethefirststudy.ThesecondisaqualitativestudyconductedbyIslamicReliefCanada,anadvocacyorganizationaimedtoend the practice,with data collected from Indonesian women in 2013 Findings: The review paper highlights two studies. Interviews with 262 Malay women from Malaysia comprisethefirststudy.ThesecondisaqualitativestudyconductedbyIslamicReliefCanada,anadvocacyorganizationaimedtoend the practice,with data collected from Indonesian women in 2013. Interestingly,all of the above practices of genital cutting adhere to social norms and are largely accepted within the communities that practice these different forms of genital cutting Geographical coverage Region(s):Southeastern Asia Country(ies):Malaysia,Indonesia Source

A Review of Female Genital Cutting in the Dawoodi Bohra Community: Part 3—the Historical,Anthropological and Religious Underpinnings of FGC in the Dawoodi Bohras (2019)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Bootwala,Y. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: The aim of this third review in a three-part series is to provide a contextual overview of the historical,anthropological,and religious underpinnings of female genital cutting (FGC) in the South Asian and diaspora Dawoodi Bohra communities,a practice referred to as khafd (pronounced khafz). Study Population: Hadiths referencing circumcision were reviewed. The author also drew upon a dialogue with many individuals including: religious scholars who are part of the mainstream following,religious scholars who have broken from mainstream following,leaders of advocacy groups including Sahiyo and DBWRF,and many Bohra women who follow with varying levels of orthodoxy Findings: History,religion,and culture all influence a community’s beliefs and practices. Trying to distill the Bohra community’s practice of khafd as solely religious or solely cultural is inherently erroneous. There is clearly a genuine component of historical and cultural influence from the Fatimid caliphate in ancient Egypt. There is also a well-defined religious component that drives the practice of khafd in the Bohra community as outlined in this review. Neglecting the reality of both the historical and the religious influences on khafd will perpetuate the stalemate in dialogue that currently exists. Acknowledging both the culturalanthropologyand the religious foundation of khafd will foster better communication between stakeholders and hopefully allow the dialogue to move forward. Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

A review of FGC in the Dawoodi Borha community. (2019)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding I,IV FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Yasmin Bootwala FGM/C Type(s): I,IV Health area of focus: None. Objective: To provide an overview of the practices of genital cutting including male circumcision,genital alteration of children with ambiguous genitalia,and clitoral hood reduction in western societies; type iv FGC in south east Asia. Study Population: women,children,men,cultrural leaders and religious leaders Findings: conversation must be broaden to include male circumcision,children with ambiguous genitalia due todiorders of sexualdifferentiation. Geographical coverage Region(s):Southeastern Asia Country(ies):Indonesia Source

A Spatial Analysis of the Prevalence of Female Genital Mutilation Cutting among 0–14-Year-Old Girls in Kenya (2019)

This study is a Correlation research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Kandala,N. B.,Nnanatu,C. C.,Atilola,G.,Komba,P.,Mavatikua,L.,Moore,Z.,… & Shell-Duncan,B. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: The key objective is to identify and map hotspots (high risk regions) Study Population: 0-14 year old girls Findings: Results showed that daughters of cut women were highly likely to be cut. Also,the likelihood of a girl being cut increased with the proportion of women in the community (1) who were cut (2) who supported FGM/C continuation,and (3) who believed FGM/C was a religious obligation. Other key risk factors included living in the northeastern region; belonging to the Kisii or Somali ethnic groups and being of Muslim background Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Kenya Source