A large clitoral epidermal dermoid cyst: A rare long term complication after female circumcision (2015)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding II FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Ahmed Samy El-agwany FGM/C Type(s): II Health area of focus: Gynaecological,urinary. Objective: To describe a clitoral epidermal inclusion dermoid cyst in a 40-year-old female where excision of the mass was done Study Population: A case of a 40-year-old female with complains of vulvar swelling causing dragging pain on standing and walking Findings: A 40-year-old female with complains of vulvar swelling causing dragging pain on standing and walking was referred to the hospital. Also,it causes dyspareunia and splashing of urine stream on micturition with dysuria. She noticed this swelling first time 5 years prior to presentation as a tiny painless swelling,gradually increasing in size to occlude the introitus. However she was able to pass urine and had normal menstrual flow but with pain and splashing. She was circumcised at age of 8 years under anaesthesia by a general practitioner in a district private clinic. She had three living children,who were delivered by normal vaginal delivery. The last delivery was since 10 years. Examination revealed a Pulse rate of 85 beats per minute,blood pressure of 110/70 mmHg. The other systems were normal. Genital examination revealed an anterior midline cystic mass at site of the circumcision scar and occluding the introitus,measured about 15 • 7 cm,no discoloration of the overlying skin,non-tender,no warm ,soft in consistency,fluctuant but did not trans-illuminate light and it was not reducible. Urethral orifice was present and there was normal vagina. Investigations were done including an ultrasound of the mass which revealed a non-septate,echo rich cystic mass,measuring about 15 • 7 cm in size. Urine analysis and CBC were normal. All laboratory investigations were normal. Under anaesthesia and in lithotomy position,an elliptical longitudinal incision was done,and the mass was excised by blunt and sharp dissection and use of diathermy. It was a well-encapsulated cystic mass containing turbid fluid measuring 15 • 7 cm. Redundant skin was trimmed and the cavity was obliterated. Reconstruction of the vulva was done using vicryl 3–0 with subcuticular closure of skin. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. Study concludes that implantation dermoid cyst though a recognized complication of female circumcision is rare and a high index of suspicion is required any time a female presents with a swelling in the vulva Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Egypt Source

September 8, 2023

A large clitoral epidermoid inclusion cyst first presenting in adulthood following childhood circumcision (2007)

This study is a Explanatory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Rizk D. E. E.,K. H. Mohammed,S. U. Joshi,A. Y. Al-Shabani,and T. R. Bossmar FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Gynaecological. Objective: Study Population: Findings: Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Asia Country(ies):United Arab Emirates Source

A literature review: Female Genital Mutilation and its implication on eliciting comprehensive health histories and performing physical exam assessments (2008)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Phil O. Johns FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: FGM and health assessment. Objective: To determine the current state of the literature with regard to eliciting a culturally sensitive health history and performing a pelvic exam on a female who has had female genital mutilation Study Population: Somalian women Findings: Since the Somalian civil war in the late 80s,many women had been displaced to the US. Culturally rooted,FGM among female Somalians is becoming a phenomenon in Western medicine. Literature guides the inexperienced practitioner in eliciting the FGM experience,but falls short in giving explicit instructions for assessment and performing pelvic exams; however,general practice considerations are given. Geographical coverage Region(s):North America Country(ies):United States Source

A Meta-Synthesis of the Birth Experiences of African Immigrant Women Affected by Female Genital Cutting (2018)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Hamid,A.,Grace,K. T.,& Warren,N. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: The purpose of this study was to understand the labor and birth experiences of immigrant women in countries of resettlement who have a history of female genital cutting (FGC),also known as female genital mutilation or female circumcision. Study Population: African immigrant women Findings: Two novel syntheses emerged from the sample of studies that included African immigrant women mostly resettled in Europe and the United States. First,birth following FGC in the setting of resettlement was accompanied by pain and fear and has the potential to retraumatize. Second,while women sensed nostalgia for familiar customs and perceived disrespect in their new environment,they questioned the function of FGC in their lives and the lives of their daughters. The unfavorable birth experiences of FGC-affected women demonstrate the need to enhance care for this population. By recognising and addressing FGC in their care and carefully listening to the viewpoints and concerns of women affected by FGC,health care professionals can serve as a source of support. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Europe,Northern Europe,Australia and New Zealand,North America Country(ies):Sweden,Norway,United Kingdom,France,United States,Australia Source

A mixed-method synthesis of knowledge,experiences and attitudes of health professionals to Female Genital Mutilation (2016)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Reig‐Alcaraz,María,José Siles‐González,and Carmen Solano‐Ruiz FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To synthesize knowledge,attitudes and experiences of health professionals about Female Genital Mutilation Study Population: NA Findings: Although some nurses and midwives were in the forefront of eradicating FGM this was counterbalanced by health professionals (including nurses and midwives) who condoned,sanctioned or supported the practice with some calling for medicalization of FGM as a legitimate procedure. Girls at risk needed better protection and women affected needed more competent and cultural care from health professionals. Health and legal systems,professional regulation and governance,and professional training required strengthening to eradicate FGM,prevent the medicalization of FGM as an acceptable procedure,and to better manage the lifelong consequences for affected girls and women Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

A Mixed-Methods Study of Immigrant Somali Women’s Health Literacy and Perinatal Experiences in Maine (2015)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Susan D. Jacoby CNM,Monique Lucarelli,Fowsia Musse,Ashok Krishnamurthy and Vince Salyers FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Obstretic. Objective: To explore health literacy and the perinatal experiences of Somali and Somali Bantu women living in Lewiston,Maine Study Population: Somali and Somali Bantu women living in Lewiston,Maine Findings: During phase 1,a focus group to discuss the perinatal experiences of Somali women (n = 4) was undertaken and 2 historietas were developed to create greater understanding of emergency cesareans and PPD. In phase 2,Somali and Somali Bantu women (n = 19) completed a health literacy questionnaire and a perinatal experiences questionnaire. A focus group was also conducted during phase 2 to determine the perinatal experiences of the participants. Phase 2 participants validated thehistorietas developed in phase 1. Responses from focus groups were triangulated with data from the perinatal experiences questionnaire completed during phase 2. Overall,none of the phase 2 participants demonstrated adequate health literacy. Problems with gudnin (Somali word for cutting) related to female genital mutilation/cutting and PPD yielded statistically significant results. Somali women expressed dissatisfaction with certain obstetric interventions,especially emergency cesareans. Phase 2 participants unanimously validated the usefulness of the historietas as a clinical teaching tool. Poor health literacy due to language barriers may have placed Somali women living in the United States at risk for adverse outcomes during pregnancy and/or birth. Complications related to emergency cesareans and postpartum depression (PPD) were identified as significant problems for which Somali women required further knowledge. Historietas addressing knowledge gaps related to emergency cesareans and symptoms of PPD were validated by participants as useful teaching tools Geographical coverage Region(s):North America Country(ies):United States Source

A multicentre study on knowledge and attitude of nurses in northern Nigeria concerning female genital mutilation (2014)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Adewale Ashimi,Labaran Aliyu,Muhammad Shittu,Taiwo Amole FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To determine the knowledge and attitude of nurses in northern Nigeria concerning female genital mutilation Study Population: Nurses Findings: The nurses studied had a high level of awareness of FGM and a good general knowledge of complications associated with FGM. However,only half knew what ‘ Angurya ’ and ‘ Gishiri ’cuts were. A few would perform FGM. Despite the high prevalence of FGM in the community,9% of the nurses in northern Nigeria who participated in the survey were unaware of these practicesand their complications. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Nigeria Source

A multidisciplinary approach to clitoral reconstruction after female genital mutilation: the crucial role of counselling (2016)

This study is a Explanatory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): De Schrijver Lotte,Els Leye,and Mireille Merckx FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Psychological,Sexual. Objective: Female genital mutilation (FGM) is becoming more widely seen in the West,due to immigration and population movement. Health services are being confronted with the need to provide care for women with FGM. One of the more recent trends is the provision of clitoral reconstruction. It remains unclear,however,what constitutes good practice with regard to this type of surgery. Study Population: None Findings: The literature shows that FGM influences physical,mental and sexual health. Clitoral reconstructive surgery can lead to an increase in sexual satisfaction and orgasm in some,but not all,women. A multidisciplinary approach would enable a more satisfactory and individually tailored approach to care. The multidisciplinary team should consist of a midwife,a gynaecological surgeon,a psychologist-psychotherapist,a sexologist and a social worker. Comprehensive health counselling should be the common thread in this model of care. Our proposed care pathway starts with taking a thorough history,followed by medical,psychological and sexological consultations. Women with FGM requesting clitoral reconstruction might primarily be looking to improve their sexual life,to recover their identity and to reduce pain. Surgery may not always be the right answer. Thorough counselling that includes medical,psychological and sexual advice is therefore necessary as part of a multidisciplinary approach. Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

A Multi-faceted Approach to Eradicating Female Genital Mutilation (2011)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Rojer Emily FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: Analyzed several approaches to eradicating the practice,and proposed own solution Study Population: None Findings: Education,empowerment,and positive deviance (i.e. using role models who have chosen to not be circumcised) for both genders are all essential components of any organized response to eradicating FGM. Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

A pilot study of the attitude of Nigerian university students towards female genital mutilation (2004)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): A Aigbodion,Henry Imhonde,Oyaziwo Aluede FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: The study investigated the attitude of undergraduates of the University of Ibadan,Nigeria towards female genital mutilation Study Population: University students Findings: The results indicated that students did not on the basis of sex and religion differ in their attitude towards female genital mutilation. However,a significant difference existed in their attitude on the basis of educational background and level of awareness Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Nigeria Source