Female genital cutting and reproductive experience in Minya,Egypt (2006)

This study is a Correlation research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Yount Kathryn M.,and Jennifer S. Carrera FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Obstretic,gynaecological. Objective: To examine the effects of type of FGC and type of circumciser on a woman’s risks of primary infertility and pregnancy loss Study Population: ever-married women aged 17-55 years in Minya Findings: Contrary to previous studies in Egypt,neither type of circumcision nor type of circumciser is associated with adverse fertility outcomes among circumcised women in Minya. Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Egypt Source

September 8, 2023

Female genital cutting and sexual function: in search of an alternate theoretical model (2010)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Esho Tammary,Paul Enzlin,Steven Van Wolputte,Marleen Temmerman FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Sexual. Objective: To explore the nexus between culture,sexuality and sexual function,in which it attempts to determine which cultural vectors are involved in the intermediation of sexual function. Study Population: Community Findings: Not stated Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Female Genital Cutting and the Need for Culturally Competent Communication (2012)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Odemerho,B.I. and Baier,M., FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: N/A. Objective: To focus primarily on the importance of culturally competent communication; it also defines the types of FGC,reports the prevalence,considers legal and ethical issues,and provides a table listing possible complications. Study Population: Relied on articles Findings: Not stated Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Female Genital Cutting and The Role of Religious Education in Igboland (2016)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Ilechukwu Leonard C.,Uche D. Asogwa,Uche L. Igbokwe,and Rose Uchem FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: . Objective: To find how Christian Religious Education can be employed as a tool to fight against Female Genital Cutting Study Population: Findings: Findings showed that Christian Religious education should teach the Igbo people that women have equal rights to sexual enjoyment and that it should educate the women on the dangers of FGC and persuade them to forsake it. The findings showed that the acclaimed reasons for the continued practice of FGC are not true. The results indicate that FGC constitute health risk to women and violate their rights gravely. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Nigeria Source

Female Genital Cutting in Contemporary Eritrea: Determinants,Future Prospects,and Strategies for Eradication (2009)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Gebremariam Woldemicael FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To understand the trends,determinants,and consequences of female genital cutting (FGC) in Eritrea Study Population: Eritrean women Findings: Findings suggested that although cohort-specific prevalence of genital cutting is lower among younger cohorts of women than among older ones,the practice remains nearly universal,particularly in regions or ethnic groups where the most severe form (infibulation) is practiced. Women’s education,urban residence,and household economic status have significant negative impact on circumcising a daughter and attitudes toward FGC continuation,suggesting that modernization has influence on FGC. The findings that education negatively affects attitudes toward FGC suggest that the impact of education could also be through its influence on the social convention. Increased access to higher education and economic opportunities,and urban residence would help lower support for the practice and hence its eradication. Community-based educational campaigns publicizing the risks of female genital cutting would also be helpful. Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Eritrea Source

Female Genital Cutting in Contemporary Eritrea: Determinants,Future Prospects,and Strategies for Eradication (2009)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: N/A. Objective: To understand the trends,determinants,and consequences of female genital cutting (FGC) on Eritrean women Study Population: Women Findings:  Findings suggest that although cohort-specific prevalence of genital cutting is lower among younger cohorts of women than among older ones,the practice remains nearly universal,particularly in regions or ethnic groups where the most severe form (infibulation) is practiced. Women’s education,urban residence,and household economic status have significant negative impact on circumcising a daughter and attitudes toward FGC continuation,suggesting that modernization has influence on FGC. The findings that education negatively affects attitudes toward FGC suggest that the impact of education could also be through its influence on the social convention. Increased access to higher education and economic opportunities,and urban residence would help lower support for the practice and hence its eradication. Community-based educational campaigns publicizing the risks of female genital cutting would also be helpful. Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Eritrea Source

Female genital cutting in Egypt: drivers and potential responses (2017)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Wodon,Q.,Yedan,A.,& Leye,E. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: N/A. Objective: To reflect on some of the factors that lead to the perpetuation of the practice by analysing data from the 2014 Survey of Young People in Egypt. Study Population: Relied on DHS data Findings: Religiosity,acceptance of traditional genderroles and discrimination,attitudes towards women’s autonomy,and age atmarriage affect attitudes towards FGC Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Egypt Source

Female Genital Cutting in Guinea: Qualitative and Quantitative Research Strategies (2001)

This study is a Correlation research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): P. Stanley Yoder Mary Mahy FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: Focused on the prevalence of the practice,the types of FGC practiced,the possible medical consequences,and ways to discourage the practice. This report has a different focus: it uses two research approaches to examine FGC in a the context of a single country. The authors wanted to determine what could be learned about FGC by comparing results obtained with two different methods of data collection. Examined the results of two contrasting research approaches—the formative study and the national sample survey—to gain a better understand of how female genital cutting is practiced in Guinea and how it may have changed over the past few decades Study Population: women Findings: The results of both studies indicate that FGC is nearly universal in Guinea. The DHS survey showed that nearly all girls (99 percent) go through female,The findings of both approaches regarding the prevalence of FGC indicate that the practice is almost universal in Guinea. The formative study found that among the Sosso,Fulani,and Maninka,all girls are expected to be circumcised and that among the Guerze of Forest Guinea,some Christian groups oppose FGC. According to the survey findings,Christians in Forest Guinea are the only identifiable group with a prevalence of FGC below the norm. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Guinea Source

Female genital cutting in Hargeisa,Somaliland: is there a move towards less severe forms? (2014)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Lunde Ingvild Bergom,and Mette Sagbakken FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To explore perceptions of female genital cutting and elimination of the phenomenon in Hargeisa,Somaliland Study Population: Representatives of organisations whose work directly relates to female genital cutting; and individuals representing different groups of society Findings: It was found that there is an increasing use of medical staff and equipment when a girl undergoes the procedure of female genital cutting; the use of terminology is crucial in understanding current perceptions of female genital cutting; religion is both an important barrier and facilitator of elimination; and finally,traditional gender structures are currently being challenged in Hargeisa. The findings of this study suggest that it is important to consider current perceptions on practices of female genital cutting and on abandonment of female genital cutting,in order to gain useful knowledge on the issue of elimination. The study concludes that elimination of female genital cutting is a multifaceted process which is constantly negotiated in a diversity of social settings. Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Somalia Source

Female genital cutting in Indonesia A Field Study (2013)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Patel Reyhana,Roy Khalid FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To determine the nature,scale and patter of FGM/C and its social determinants on the selected areas 2) Examine the drivers behind FGM/C in Indonesia,with particular focus upon faith as a motivating factor 3) To understand the perceived harmful and beneficial effects associated with various types of FGM/C practiced within Indonesia community 4) To determine possible intervention findings to end the practice of FGM/C based upon the findings of the study Study Population: Women,Girls,Men,Women’s organisations,NGOs,Civil servants,Cultural and Religious Leaders,NGOs,Researchers,Medical Practitioners,Nonmedical Practitioners,Women’s Organisations,Activists Findings: The findings of the field study revealed that FGM/C in Indonesia remained a complex and sensitive issue – and one that has recently been side-lined by the international community. All interviewees that took part in the study were questioned as to what they thought intervention initiatives around FGC should resemble. Ninety-nine per cent of interviewees reported that a government intervention would be ineffective as drivers to its continuation are mainly religious. One midwife indicated that if there was a government ban in place she would still perform FGC as it is “good and Islamic for girls”. Women activists felt that a government ban could create more risks to a girl as procedures would take place in homes through traditional practitioners resulting in unsterilised tools being used and more severe forms of FGC being performed. The religious endorsement of FGC also led interviewees to fear that imposing a ban would create conflict between government and religious leaders. The one interviewee who wanted the government to ban FGC believed that if it was banned and prosecutions carried out,people would stop the practice. The fact that interviewees who agreed with FGC believed it to have medical. In addition,and despite the guidelines,interviews with medical practitioners revealed that,unlike male circumcision,there is no specific training for FGC. Since then,the government has changed its position on the medicalization of FGC. There’s still research that needs to be done to observe if this has had an impact on the practices of FGC in Indonesia. Intervention programmes on FGC must be approached from both a religious and health angle. This should be carried out with the objective of engaging with local scholars and religious institutions. A researcher specialising in FGC argued that too often the power of education and awareness is underestimated: “Religious groups and leaders are scared of issuing statements because they are ignorant on the issue [FGC]. They associate the practice with male circumcision and think it’s the same … If they were to see for themselves the impact it has on girls and women they would change their mind and issue fatwas against it. Islam does not allow for this kind of harm on women.” The one religious institution which spoke out on possible intervention programmes was Muhammaidyat,stating that it would be possible to utilise their health centres,mosques and schools to raise awareness of the negative impacts of FGC – if their own research proved that this was the case. One woman activist in Lombok emphasised the need for the involvement of religious leaders in her area: “If advocacy is to be done,the religious leaders must be involved,particularly since Lombok is known as a very religious region with thousands of mosques and madrassas … This will be more effective than a direct campaign involving international figures [from foreign countries]. So,start it from the small scale,discussion with two or three local leaders … and expand from there Geographical coverage Region(s):Southeastern Asia Country(ies):Indonesia Source