Effects of female genital mutilation on childbirth (2003)

This study is a Correlation research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Khaled M FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Obstetrics. Objective: To encourage policy makers,in co-operation with many relevant organisations,to work together to eradicate the procedure. It investigates the effects of FGM/C on the process of childbirth using a large international epidemiological case control study involving three centres in three different countries Study Population: Women Findings: The results indicated a highly significant difference between the two groups when comparing length of the process of labour,mode of delivery and the need for instrumental deliveries,episiotomies and tears,blood loss during and after delivery,the need for catheterisation following deliveries and duration of hospital stay following birth. Adverse effects were not confined to women and were found to have extended to the new-borns in the two groups again with highly significant difference with regard to birth trauma,requirement for resuscitation and medical attention Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

September 8, 2023

Effects of female genital mutilation on childbirth in Africa (2006)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding I,II,III FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Emily Banks,Olav Meirik,Tim Farley,Oluwole Akande,Ibadan,Heli Bathija and Mohamed Ali FGM/C Type(s): I,II,III Health area of focus: Obstretic. Objective: To explore effects of female genital mutilation on childbirth in Africa Study Population: women who attended one of the hospitals for a singleton delivery Findings: Of the women studied,25% had not undergone genital mutilation,24% had undergone type I,27% type II and 23% type III. As expected,the distribution of type varied according to the country,obstetric centre and background characteristics. Overall,6% of the women had to have a caesarean section,and 7% of vaginal deliveries were complicated by postpartum blood loss of 500 ml or more. The deliveries of women who had undergone genital mutilation were significantly more likely to be complicated by caesarean section,postpartum haemorrhage and prolonged maternal hospitalization than those of women who had not. Women who had undergone the most serious form of genital mutilation (type III) had a 30% higher risk for delivery by caesarean section than those who had not had genital mutilation. Similarly,women with type III mutilation had a 70% higher risk of postpartum haemorrhage than women who had not undergone genital mutilation. The proportion of women delivering for the first time who required an episiotomy ranged from 41% of those who had not undergone genital mutilation to 88% of those who had undergone type III. Among women who had had previous deliveries,the proportions were 14% and 61%,respectively. The rates of infant resuscitation and perinatal death were higher among infants born to women who had undergone genital mutilation than among those born to mothers who had not,and the severity of the adverse outcomes increased with the severity of female genital mutilation. Thus,the rate of resuscitation was 66% higher for infants of women who had undergone type III mutilation than for those who had no female genital mutilation. The death rates among infants during and immediately after birth were higher for those born to mothers with genital mutilation than those without,being 15% higher for women with type I,32% higher for those with type II and 55% higher for those with type III. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa,Eastern Africa,Northern Africa Country(ies):Burkina Faso,Ghana,Kenya,Nigeria,Senegal,Sudan Source

Effects of Female Genital Mutilation on the Girl Child’s Physical Health among Ameru Community of Kenya (2014)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Susan Muthoni Kinyua,Dr. Veronica Karimi Nyaga,Prof. Micah C. Chepchieng,Prof. (Fr) Stephen Ngari Mbugua FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To determine the effects of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) on the girl child’s physical health among the Ameru community of Kenya. Study Population: Girls,health workers,social workers, Findings: Findings indicated that FGM negatively affected the physical health of the girl child and in some instances resulted in death. Thus,it was recommended that the government and nongovernmental organizations should enhance interventions on physical health effects of FGM in order to alleviate the sufferings of the girl child among the Ameru community. Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Kenya Source

Effects of Female Genital Mutilation on The Girl Child’s Social Life among The Ameru Community of Kenya (2016)

This study is a Explanatory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Kinyua Susan Muthoni FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To determine the effects of FGM on the girl child’s social life among Ameru community of Kenya Study Population: Initiated girls,health workers,social workers and Focus Group Discussion with community members Findings: The findings of this study revealed that FGM had a moderate effect on the girl child’s social life with respect to marriage,relationships,competence in social interaction and personal advancement. However,most respondents agreed that FGM violated the rights of Ameru girls but most Ameru girls opted for FGM because this made it easier for them to get a husband and be accepted in the community Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Kenya Source

Effects of Female Genital Mutilation on the Psychological Wellbeing of the Girl Child among the Ameru Community in Kenya (2016)

This study is a Explanatory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Kinyua Susan Muthoni FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Psychological. Objective: To determine the effects of FGM on the psychological wellbeing of the girl child among the Ameru community in Kenya. Study Population: Girls who had undergone,48 health workers,three social workers and 30 members forming the Focus Group Discussions. Findings: The research findings indicated that the Ameru girl child experienced moderate psychological challenges revolving around the issues of self-esteem,anxiety and depression owing to the FGM experience. Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Kenya Source

Effects of female genital mutilation/ Cutting on birth – A retrospective case-control study (2018)

This study is a Retrospective research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Arnreiter,C. & Dörfler,D. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether women with FGC had a higher prevalence of caesarean section than women without FGC. Study Population: Women with and without FGM Findings: 26 (40%) caesarean sections were done on women with FGC,while 25 (38.5%) were conducted on women in the control group. There was therefore no statistically significant difference between the two groups. There was also no statistically significant difference between women with FGC and controls in terms of lacerations,birth weight,blood loss,assisted vaginal delivery,infant size,umbilical cord pH,Apgar Score at 1.5 and 10 minutes,or stillbirth. Patients with FGC had episiotomies substantially more frequently than women without FGC (p¼ .003). The prevalence of caesarean section was not significantly different between FGC patients and controls. As the caesarean section rate of 38.5% in the control group is higher than the Austrian average of 30.2% (status as of 2015) and the women were only matched for maternal age,it may be prudent for future studies to match the controls based on additional factors. Other risk factors for caesarean delivery must be ruled out. However,the results demonstrated that women with FGC had a greater incidence of episiotomy compared to the control group. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Europe Country(ies):Austria Source

Effects of female genital mutilation/cutting on the sexual function of Sudanese women: a cross-sectional study. (2017)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Rouzi,A. A.,Berg,R. C.,Sahly,N.,Alkafy,S.,Alzaban,F.,& Abduljabbar,H. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Sexual function. Objective: To assess the impact of FGM/C on the sexual functioning of Sudanese women. Study Population: Women between 18 and 50 years of age,having undergone FGM/C,being married and sexually active,and able to read and speak Arabic. Findings: A substantial proportion of women subjected to FGM/C experience sexual dysfunction. It shows that the anatomical extent of FGM/C is related to the severity of sexual dysfunction Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Asia Country(ies):Saudi Arabia Source

Effects of Level of Education on Perceptions of Alternative Rite Of Passage of the Marakwet of Kenya (2012)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Kiptiony G. J.,Kariuki,M. W.,Kathuri,N FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether level of education influenced perceptions of ARP Study Population: males and females (Elders and ARP Graduates) Findings: The results showed that differences in level of education influenced perceptions of ARP. However,Qualitative data on experiences of ARP Graduates indicated that the mechanisms that ensure women undergo FGM are still firmly rooted in the culture. This study is significant in that the outcome will guide the expansion of existing approaches to FGM eradication. One of the recommendations is that ARP proponents should ensure that ARP Graduates are given enough support to sustain their resistance to FGM pressure and that the community should not hold onto myths about un-circumcision. Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Kenya Source

Effects of school-based health education on attitudes of female students towards female genital mutilation in Sudan (2019)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Mahgoub E; Nimir M; Abdalla S; Elhuda DA FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: N/A. Objective: To assess the effects of a secondary school‐based health education intervention on the knowledge and attitude of female students towards FGM in Sudan Study Population: Secondary school students Findings: The majority of participants had a negative attitude towards FGM. The means of knowledge and attitude scores increased from 8.63 (SD=2.562) and 5.76 pre-intervention (SD=1.937) to 11.99 (SD=2.264) and 6.53 post-intervention (SD=1.164),respectively. Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Sudan Source

Effects of school-based health education on attitudes of female students towards female genital mutilation in Sudan (2019)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Mahgoub,E.,Nimir,M.,Abdalla,S.,& Elhuda,D. A. (2019) FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: This study aimed to assess the effects of a secondary school-based health education intervention on the knowledge and attitude of female students towards FGM in Sudan Study Population: Female secondary school students Findings: The participants were between 14 to 17 years old,30.3% of which were subjected to FGM. The main source of information about FGM was family and friends (41.1%). The majority of participants had a negative attitude towards FGM. The means of knowledge and attitude scores increased from 8.63 and 5.76 pre-intervention (SD=1.937) to 11.99 (SD=2.264) and 6.53 post-intervention,respectively Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Sudan Source