Daughters at Risk of Female Genital Mutilation: Examining the Determinants of Mothers’ Intentions to Allow Their Daughters to Undergo Female Genital Mutilation (2016)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Pashaei Tahereh,Koen Ponnet,Maryam Moeeni,Maryam Khazaee-pool,and Fereshteh Majlessi FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To explore factors associated with FGM behavior among Iranian mothers and their daughters Study Population: mothers who had at least one daughter and lived in Ravansar Findings: Attitude is the strongest predictor of mothers’ intentions to allow their daughters to undergo FGM,followed by subjective norms. Compared to younger mothers,older mothers have more positive attitudes toward FGM,perceive themselves as having more control over their behavior and demonstrate a greater intention to allow their daughter to undergo FGM. Furthermore,we found that less educated mothers and mothers living in rural areas had more positive attitudes toward FGM and feel more social pressure to allow FGM. The model accounts for 93 percent of the variance in the mothers’ intentions to allow their daughters to undergo FGM. Intervention programs that want to decrease FGM might focus primarily on converting mothers’ neutral or positive feelings toward FGM into negative attitudes and on alleviating the perceived social pressure to mutilate one’s daughter. Based on our findings,we provide recommendations about how to curtail mothers’ intentions to allow their daughters to undergo FGM. Geographical coverage Region(s):Southern Asia Country(ies):Iran Source

September 8, 2023

Dealing with female genital mutilation/cutting in Western Europe: Challenges of achieving zero tolerance (2012)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Kisanet Abraha Seare FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To explore the potential challenges that could have contributed to the difficulty of achieving ‘Zero tolerance’ to FGM/C Study Population: Relied on articles Findings: The research argued that the issue of FGM/C was caught in debates of polarized positions loaded with abstract meanings and had moved its focus from the ‘woman’ or the ‘girl’ in the practicing communities. It showed the tendency of the issue to be driven by the international community and hence its limitation in reaching the very communities it intended to change. It also highlighted the lack of accuracy in basic the knowledge about prevalence of FGM/C Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Debating medicalization of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C): learning from (policy) experiences across countries (2019)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding Medicalized FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Leye,E.,Van Eekert,N.,Shamu,S.,Esho,T.,& Barrett,H.,ANSER (2019) FGM/C Type(s): Medicalized Health area of focus: None. Objective: The purpose of this paper is to discuss the arguments associated with the medicalization of FGM/C,a trend that could undermine the Sustainable Development Goal (5.3) to end FGM/C by 2030 Study Population: Health professionals Findings: There is need for; Policy emphasizing the human rights approach,Educating health professionals on FGM/C and its consequences,Detangling professional norms from social norms,Motivate health care providers as agents of change for ending FGM/C Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa,Northern Europe,Northern Africa,Southeastern Asia Country(ies):Egypt,Indonesia,Kenya,United Kingdom Source

Decision-making in the practice of female genital mutilation or cutting in Sudan: a cross-sectional study (2019)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Sabahelzain,M. M.,Gamal Eldin,A.,Babiker,S.,Kabiru,C. W.,& Eltayeb,M. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To understand the key people involved in FGM/C-related decisions and assess the predictors of households’ decision to cut the youngest daughter,and the reasons for these decisions,we drew on household survey data collected as part of a larger community-based,cross-sectional,mixed methods study in Khartoum and Gedaref States in Sudan Study Population: Households with female aged 7-19 years Findings: Household decision-making on FGM/C involved discussions among the nuclear and extended family,and non-family members. Mothers and fathers were found to be the key decision makers. A greater proportion of fathers were involved in instances where the final decision was to leave the daughter uncut. Thirty-six percent of households decided to leave the youngest daughter uncut. State of residence,mothers’ level of education and FGM/C status and exposure to FGM/C-related information or campaigns were associated with households’ decision to leave the daughter uncut. Health concerns were the most commonly cited reason for deciding not to cut their daughters (57%),while custom or culture was the most commonly cited reason for households deciding to cut their daughter (52% Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Sudan Source

Decision-Making Process in Female Genital Mutilation: A Systematic Review (2020)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): A Alradie-Mohamed,R Kabir ,S Arafat FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: obstretics and gynaecological. Objective: to investigate the FGM/C household decision-making process and identify the main household decision-makers Study Population: relied on articles Findings: Several studies established that when it comes to decision-making,the process involves several members of the nuclear family,extended family,and acquaintances. There is involvement of the mothers,co-wives,grandmothers,aunts,and fathers [32],and when there is conflict,each individual has a different degree of power over the decision. The young females usually have limited authority in the decision compared to older women,but they can strengthen their opinion by asking the support of senior females in the family who have more power. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa,Eastern Africa,Western Asia,Northern Africa,North America Country(ies):Ethiopia,Sudan,Somalia,Sierra Leone,Guinea,Gambia,Senegal,Iraq,United States,Canada Source

Decisions regarding harmful practices (female genital cutting (FGC),and virginity testing) and the role of husbands (2000)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Ragab AR; Mahmoud M; Serour G FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: N/A. Objective: The paper examines the role of husbands in decisions related to some of the harmful practices that influence the reproductive health and quality of life of women in Egypt Study Population: Men and women(interviewed separately) Findings: Not stated Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Egypt Source

Decline of supportive attitudes among husbands toward female genital mutilation and its association to those practices in Yemen (2013)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Ghadah Abdulmajid Al-Khulaidi, Keiko Nakamura,Kaoruko Seino,Masashi Kizuki FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To elucidate the attitudes of women and their husband’s towards female genital mutilation (FGM) and their associations with the continuation of FGM upon their daughters. Study Population: Ever married women (Got data from Yemen Demographic Health Surveys. {10,345 (in 1997) and 11,252 (in 2003)} ) Findings: The percentage among the most-recently-born daughters who received FGM of women who had undergone FGM declined from 61.9% in 1997 to 56.5% in 2003 (p

Decrease in female genital mutilation among Nigerian Ibo girls (2001)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Nkwo PO,Onah HE FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To examine decrease in female genital mutilation among Nigerian Ibo girls Study Population: Consecutive Ibo females Findings: Of the 1000 women examined,354 were circumcised (35.4%). The circumcision rates were 83.3%,59.1%,39.3%,29.7% and 21.7% for the following birth cohorts: 1956-60,1961-65,1966-70,1971-75,1976-80 and 1981-85,respectively. 318 (89.8%) of the 354 circumcised women had clitoridectomy in addition to excision of the labia minora,while the remaining 36 (10.2%) women had clitoridectomy alone. Overall prevalence of FGM (35.4%) in this study is much lower than the national average of 50-60% and the 68% recorded in a previous study 20 years earlier in the same hospital. Two factors are likely to be responsible for this trend: 1) the weak sociocultural basis of the practice in most parts of Ibo-land,and 2) the rising rate of formal education among female Ibos. In conclusion,FGM is a dying practice among the population,implicating a healthy development among Nigerian Ibos. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Nigeria Source

Defective sexuality and female circumcision: The cause and the possible management (2003)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Saeed Mohamad Ahmad Thabet,Ahmed S.M.A. Thabet. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Sexual. Objective: To verify the effect of circumcision on female sexuality and to define the need for clitorolabioplasty in these cases Study Population: Women Findings: Sexuality was not affected in minorly circumcised cases. However,sexuality was markedly affected in the mutilated cases. The scores for sex desire and arousal and for orgasm were especially affected in such cases. These defects were not detected in cases having clitoral cysts until late,when cysts enlarged. The role of clitorolabioplasty in restoration of sexuality was confirmed. Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Egypt Source

Defibulation during vaginal delivery for women with Type III female genital mutilation (2012)

This study is a Correlation research regarding III FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Abdulrahim A. Rouzi,Sharifa A. Al-Sibiani,Nisma M. Al-Mansouri,Nawal S. Al-Sinani,Eetedal A. Al-Jahdali,Khalid Darhouse FGM/C Type(s): III Health area of focus: Obstetrics. Objective: To assess the routine practice of defibulation during vaginal delivery for women who have undergone female genital mutilation or cutting Study Population: Women Findings: The study found that defibulation during vaginal delivery was successfully performed by residents and senior residents under the care of the attending on call. No cesarean delivery was performed because of female genital mutilation or cutting,and no spontaneous rupture of the scar occurred. There were no statistically significant differences between women who had defibulation with those who did not or between infibulated registered and unregistered women in the duration of labor,episiotomy rates,blood loss,Apgar score,or fetal birth weight Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Asia Country(ies):Saudi Arabia Source