Changes in Sexual Distress,Depression and Sexual Function after Clitoral Reconstruction in Women with Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (2018)

This study is a Descriptive research,Examination regarding I,II FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): FGM/C Type(s): I,II Health area of focus: Reconstruction. Objective: To assess changes in depres sion symptomatology,sexual function,and distress following clitoral reconstructive surgery combined with a psychoeducational intervention Study Population: Women seeking reconstructive surgey after FGM Findings: Statistically significant clinical changes after FGM/C were reported. Overall,patients presented reduced depression and sexual distress levels,and decreased female sexual interest/arousal disorder prevalence. Results also revealed that sex ual distress improvements were more significant in Type I FGM/C patients. Significant improvements in sexual distress,psychopathology,and sexual function were observed in our sample following reconstructive surgery,suggesting that combined inter ventions are effective for treatme Geographical coverage Region(s):Southern Europe Country(ies):Spain Source

September 8, 2023

Changes in the prevalence and trends of female genital mutilation in Iraqi Kurdistan Region between 2011 and 2018 (2021)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Shabila,N.P. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: This study aimed to determine the trends and changes in the FGM prevalence in Iraq between 2011 and 2018 and assess their associated factors. Study Population: N/A Findings: The prevalence of FGM in 2018 was high in Erbil and Suleimaniya governorates (50.1% and 45.1%). The prevalence of FGM decreased remarkably from 2011 to 2018 in all governorates of the Iraqi Kurdistan Region. The decrease in the prevalence was statistically significant in Erbil and Suleimaniya. FGM prevalence declined remarkably in all age,education level,residence area groups,and most economic level groups. Such decline was associated with a significant increase in the education level,wealth,and urban residence. The decline was highest in the younger age groups,with a relative change of − 43.0% among 20–24 years and − 39.2% among 15–19 years. The decline was also highest in those with secondary and higher education (relative change = −32%). The decline was higher in rural areas than in urban areas (relative change = −35.3% and − 27.4%,respectively). The decline was higher among the poorest and second wealth quintile (relative change = −38.8% and − 27.2%,respectivel.The trend of FGM in Iraqi Kurdistan Region declined remarkably and significantly from 2011 to 2018. Further decline is predicted because of having lower rates and a higher decline in the younger age groups. However,the rates remained high in Erbil and Suleimaniya governorates that need further intensifying the preventive measures. The education level of women plays a primary role in decreasing the prevalence and should be considered in future efforts to ban the practice. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Asia Country(ies):Iraq Source

Changing practices and shifting meanings of female genital cutting among the Maasai of Arusha and Manyara regions of Tanzania. (2017)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Van Bavel,H.,Coene,G.,& Leye,E. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: This study looked at changing practices and shifting meanings of female genital cutting among the Maasai people in Tanzania. Study Population: Findings: The findings suggest that an increasing social pressure to abandon female genital cutting has inspired the hiding of the practice,causing the actual cutting to become detached from its traditional ceremonial connotations. This detaching of cutting from ceremony has created a shift in meanings: the ceremony still carries the meaning of passage into adulthood,while the cutting seems to function as a way of inscribing Maasai identity into the body Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Tanzania Source

Changing prevalence and factors associated with female genital mutilation in Ethiopia: Data from the 2000,2005 and 2016 national demographic health surveys (2020)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): G Azeze FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective:  to assess changes in prevalence of FGM and associated factors among women of reproductive age and their daughters. Study Population: women and their daughters Findings: There was overall decline in FGM prevalence (from 79.9% to 74.3% to 65.2%,P

Characteristics of female sexual dysfunctions and obstetric complications related to female genital mutilation in Omdurman maternity hospital,Sudan (2018)

This study is a Correlation research regarding I,III FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Yassin,K.,Idris,H. A.,& Ali,A. A. FGM/C Type(s): I,III Health area of focus: None. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate if exposure to FGM/C (exposed vs. non-exposed) and degree of exposure (type III vs. type I) are associated with sexual dysfunction or not. As a secondary objective,the study examined the association between FGM/C and postpartum complications (e.g.,difficulties in cervical examination,episiotomy wound infection,and postpartum bleeding) by following the participants from the time of hospital admission through vaginal delivery and the sixth postpartum week. Study Population: Women with and without FGM Findings: The majority (67.8 percent) had FGM type 3,whereas the remaining (32.2 percent) had FGM type 1. The most prevalent sexual complication reported was dyspareunia (76 percent ). 35.2% experienced bleeding after their first sexual act,followed by 62.6% with decreased sexual desire,40.9% with decreased sexual satisfaction,and 30.4% with the need for surgery to relieve labial adhesions. 76.5 percent of FGM-related labor complications necessitated an episiotomy,61.7 percent experienced difficulties in cervical examination,57.8 percent required defibulations during the second stage of labor,26.5 percent were complicated by episiotomy wound infection,and 2.2% developed obstetric hemorrhage. In this investigation,FGM/C was identified as a substantial risk factor for sexual problems. Interestingly,using logistic regression analysis,complications connected to FGM did not differ significantly by FGM/C type. The findings indicate that female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is a severe public health issue that requires immediate intervention,such as organized health education programs,to eradicate FGM/C practice. Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Sudan Source

Child protection and harmful traditional practices: female early marriage and genital modification in Ethiopia (2012)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Boyden Jo Pankhurst,Alula  Tafere Yisak FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: Explores divergent perspectives on female early marriage and genital modification in Ethiopia. Study Population: Girls Findings: Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Ethiopia Source

Chronic Vulvar Pain After Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A Retrospective Study (2021)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Yara B.,Leen A. and Jasmine A. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Gynaecological: Prevalence and etiologies of vulvar pain in women with FGM/C.. Objective: To study the prevalence and possible etiologies of chronic vulvar pain among women living with FGM/C. Study Population: Women who consulted a specialized clinic for women with FGM/C at Gynecology Division of the Geneva University Hospitals between April 1,2010 and December 31,2017. Findings: Main outcome measures Prevalence and etiologies of vulvar pain in women with FGM/C. Chronic vulvar pain was present in 14 women (2.8%). Pain was unprovoked in one case (7.1%) and provoked in the 13 other cases (92.9%). In most of the cases,women presented vulvar pain related to scar complications such as clitoral or peri-clitoral adhesions or scar tissue (n = 3,21.4%),bridle scars (n = 1,7.1%),post-traumatic neuromas (n = 2,14.3%) and vulvar cysts (n = 6,42.9%),the latter being found more frequently in women with FGM/C type III. In 2 cases (14.3%) of chronic vulvar pain,no lesions other than FGM/C were visible at clinical examination. Among these 14 women,12 suffered from superficial dyspareunia as well. The remaining ones had not had any sexual contact for several years. Dyspareunia was present in 126 women (24.9%),among which 75 patients (14.8%) suffered from superficial dyspareunia and 25 patients (4.9%) complained of deep dyspareunia. Fourteen women (2.8%) reported both superficial and deep dyspareunia. Twelve women (2.3%) reported dyspareunia with no specified localization documented in the medical charts. Dyspareunia was significantly more frequent among infibulated women compared to women with FGM/C different from type III (P = .014). Conclusion Chronic vulvar pain after FGM/C is probably associated with scar complications and FGM/C type III (infibulation). Dyspareunia is more frequent in women with FGM/C type III Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Europe Country(ies):Switzerland Source

Circumcised women and nursing staff experiences of birth and post natal period. (2016)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Fire Lake Ninni,Seppälä Mirja FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: N/A. Objective: To provide information on circumcised women’s experiences in giving birth and post-natal care. The aim of the study was firstly to provide information about healthcare professionals views on how to take care of circumcised women and secondly to Provide information about healthcare professionals. Study Population: Relied on articles Findings: Results of the study showed that mental symptoms,culture,communications and the realization of its intelligibility,circumcision in itself,clinical examination when giving birth and interaction with the nursing staff affected the experience of circumcised women giving birth. Circumcised women’s experiences of post-natal care affected among other things how to recover from labor and attitudes of healthcare professionals. Lack of training and medroxyprogesteroneical staffs attitudes against women circumcised Influence how healthcare professionals took care of circumcised women Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Europe Country(ies):Finland Source

Circumcising circumcision: renegotiating beliefs and practices among Somali women in Johannesburg and Nairobi (2015)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Jinnah Zaheera,Lowe Lucy FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To look at how context of forced migration provides women with opportunities to renegotiate and reinvent what female circumcision means to them Study Population: Women Findings: The study found out that in both Johannesburg and Nairobi,women did not think about circumcision in straightforward categories of good or bad. The parents interviewed expressed concern at doing what was most beneficial for their daughters,and this lied at the crux of decisions made concerning circumcision. There was undoubtedly a move away from the extremity of pharaonic circumcision,largely centered on changing understandings of health,gender,fertility,sexuality,and religious requirements,and so reshaping cultural practices in new settings Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa,Southern Africa Country(ies):South Africa,Kenya Source

Circumcision of girls in Western migrant communities (2015)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Johnsdotter S,Essen B FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: N/A. Objective: To review the current knowledge on cultural change after migration in the practice of female circumcision,also named genital cutting or mutilation. Study Population: Relied on articles Findings: The few criminal court cases for circumcision of girls that have taken place in Western countries corroborate the conclusion that substantial change of the practice has occurred among migrants. In this literature review,an absence of reports was identified from healthcare providers who have witnessed circumcision after migration. Concurrently,a substantial knowledge exists on how to take care of already circumcised women and girls,and there is a system of recommendations in place regarding best practices for prevention. Experiences from African contexts show that failure to generate significant change of the harmful practices/tradition may be due to the lack of multidisciplinary collaboration in different sectors of the society Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Europe Country(ies):Sweden Source