Prevalence and risk factors of female genital mutilation in Egypt: a systematic review (2020)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): A Arafa,A Mostafa,E Eshak FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of FGM in Egypt via systematic review. Study Population: women Findings: FGM prevalence in the included studies (n = 36) ranged between 14.7% and 100% (66.2%–100% in the hospital-based studies and 14.7%–86.9% in the student-based studies). FGM prevalence has been showing a declining trend throughout the previous decades. Low parental education and rural residence were identified as major risk factors for FGM. Social,religious,and hygienic drives were shown to enhance the continuation of the practice. Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Egypt Source

September 8, 2023

Prevalence of Female Circumcision among Young Women in Beni-Suef,Egypt: A Cross-Sectional Study. (2018)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Ali,H. A. A. E. W.,Arafa,A. E.,el Fattah Abd Allah Shehata,N. A.,& Fahim,A. S. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: N/A. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate theprevalence of circumcision. Study Population: Young women Findings: Of the 3353 interviewed women,1846 (55%) were circumcised. Women residing in rural areas,married women,and those who had illiterate parents were more likely to have experienced circumcision. Students were less likely to be circumcised (P!.05). The circumcised girls reported shorter menstrual cycles and dysuria with menses (P!.05). Dysmenorrhea,generalized aching,and nervousness were the most common complaints associated with menses in both groups,with no statistically significant differences (PO.05).FC is highly prevalent in rural areas in Beni-Suef,however,compared with previous reports it seems that the rates of circumcision have decreased markedly. Despite this decrease,the practice of female genital mutilation is still highly prevalent,suggesting that future research and intervention will be needed to eliminate this practice. Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Egypt Source

Prevalence of female genital cutting among Egyptian girls (2008)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Tag-Eldin MA,Gadallah MA,Al-Tayeb MN,Abdel-Aty M,Mansour E,Sallem M FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To measure the prevalence of FGM/C among schoolgirls in Egypt Study Population: Girls Findings: The study found that the prevalence of FGM/C among schoolgirls in Egypt was 50.3%. The prevalence of FGM/C was 46.2% in government urban schools,9.2% in private urban schools and 61.7% in rural schools. Educational levels of mother and father were negatively associated with FGM/C (P < 0.001). The mean age of the time of FGM/C was 10.1 +/- 2.3 years Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Egypt Source

Prevalence of Female Genital Cutting among University Students in Egypt (2012)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Abeer A. Barakat,Hanan Mosleh FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To investigate the prevalence and the socio-demographic determinants of FGC among female university students and its relation to their sexual history Study Population: Never married undergraduate female students in a public university Findings: Total respondents were 281 students (91.2% response rate). The prevalence of FGC is 50.9%,predominantly performed by a physician / nurse (89.8%). Females submitted to FGC described this procedure as painful and shocking (41.3%),ordinary (32.2%) or unremembered (26.6%). Factors associated with FGC included residence in rural areas (P= 0.001). Lower educational level (less than university) of the mother (P= 0.000) as well as,the father (P= 0.000). There were no statistically significant differences between females submitted to FGC versus those who were not as regards correctly defining orgasm (21.7% versus 21% respectively,P > 0.05),ever experiencing orgasm (26.3% versus 17.7% respectively,P > 0.05) or age of initiation of orgasm (P > 0.05). Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Egypt Source

Prevalence of Female Genital Cutting Declines in Senegalese Villages Following Educational Program (2010)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): H Ball FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Prevalence. Objective: To determine the Prevalence of Female Genital Cutting Declines in Senegalese Villages Following Educational Program Study Population: Direct beneficiaries and non beneficiaries as a control group Findings: In intervention villages,the proportion of women who approved of female genital cutting declined from 72% at baseline to 16% among program participants,whereas a much smaller decline occurred in comparison areas (from 89% to 60%). Moreover,the proportion of daughters aged 5–10 who had not been cut increased from 21% to 49% among program participants,but did not change in comparison areas. The researchers concluded that the Tostan program changed attitudes about female genital cutting and helped reduce the practice in participating villages. Further,the findings suggested that the effectiveness of the program was magnified through successful dissemination of information through social networks in intervention villages. According to the researchers,the attitudinal and behavioral changes achieved as a result of the program contributed to a mass public declaration against female genital cutting in 2002. Study concluded that that “education,when appropriately organized and presented within a wider process of social mobilization,can be a powerful and effective means for facilitating rapid change in long-standing harmful traditional behaviors. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Senegal Source

Prevalence of female genital cutting in Upper Egypt: 6 years after enforcement of prohibition law (2008)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Mohammed A Tag-Eldin,Mohsen A Gadallah,Mahmoud N Al-Tayeb,Mostafa Abdel-Aty,Esmat Mansour ,Mona Sallema FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To measure the prevalence of FGM/C among schoolgirls in Egypt Study Population: Girls Findings: The study concluded that the prohibition law of FGM/C seemed not to have altered the prevalence of this procedure. The majority of girls (84.9%) had had circumcision within the last 6 years with high prevalence in rural areas (92.5%). Circumcision was done for a combination of reasons,according to parents,with high rates of non-medical personnel participation (64.15%). These results indicated that the practice of FGM/C in Upper Egypt remained high despite enforcement of law Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Egypt Source

PREVALENCE OF FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION (FGM) BEFORE AGE FIVE-YEARS IN FOUR AFRICAN COUNTRIES: URGENT NEED FOR EFFECTIVE LAW,POLICIES AND PROGRAMMES (2021)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Adesina,M.,Garba,D.,Olufadewa,I FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: This Study aimed to present the proportion of girls and women who underwent FGM before age five-years and also discusses the need for effective laws,policies and programmes to combat FGM. Study Population: Girls and women who underwent FGM before age five-years Findings: The prevalence of FGM before by aged five-years ranges from 3% in Kenya which is the lowest to 69% in Mali which is the highest. Egypt (21%) has the second highest FGM prevalence and Nigeria (17%) was the second country with least FGM prevalence before age five-years.Conclusion The practice of FGM/C is still high in most African countries with under five-years FGM/C commonly practiced. There is the need for the adoption of new policies and interventions in order to effectively combat these unhealthy practices. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa,Eastern Africa,Northern Africa Country(ies):Kenya,Mali,Egypt,Nigeria Source

Prevalence of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM): The Prospective Form Angacha District Kembata Community; SNNPRS,Ethiopia (2021)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Asebe AA FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: The study aimed to assess the prevalence of the FGM practice in the Kembata community of Southern Ethiopia Study Population: The target population of the study was women,aged 15 to 49,who live in Kembata Zone,Angacha District. Findings: Of the 278 participants (women of childbearing age “15-49”),92.4% practiced FGM,and 77.7% without the help of a medical professional. Moreover,traditions,reproductive and community roles,norms,and values regarding gender equality are the major push factors for the continuation of the FGM. Based on the findings,it was concluded that the prevalence of FGM is high in the study area. Attitudinal transformation is needed through a cooperative and collaborative campaign of all stakeholders in the entire community to minimize the prevalence of FGM. Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Ethiopia Source

Prevalence of female genital mutilation among African women resident in the Swedish county of Östergötland (2004)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Kangoum Abdul‐Almawla,Ulf Flodin,Mats Hammar,Gunilla Sydsjö FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To establish the prevalence of female genital mutilation (FGM) among African women resident in the Swedish County of Ostergötland and assess the types of FGM Study Population: Women Findings: The clinical examination revealed that 39 women (62%) were mutilated,17 of them (44%) had undergone removal of part or all external genitalia and stitching (‘infibulation’),26% had undergone removal of the prepuce of the clitoris (‘prepucectomy’),23% had undergone various cultural practices on the external genitalia,and 7.7% excision of the clitoris with partial or total removal of labia minora (‘clitoridectomy’) Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Europe Country(ies):Sweden Source

Prevalence of female genital mutilation among female infants in Kano,Northern Nigeria (2012)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Garba I,Z Muhammed,S Abubakar,and A Yakasai FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Prevalence. Objective: To determine the prevalence and type of female genital mutilation (FGM) among female infants,reasons and attitude of the mothers to the practice. Study Population: mothers of female infants presenting for routine immunization in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH) Findings: Twenty-six infants had FGM during the period of study,giving a prevalence rate of 13 %. The mean age at cutting was 8 days ± 7.3. The commonest type of FGM was type I accounting for 96.2 % of the cases. Tradition/culture was the commonest reason for mutilation accounting for 73.1 %,other reasons included; religious in 11.5 %,hygienic in 11.5 % and to preserve virginity in 3.8 %. Traditional barbers were the commonest operators in 80.8 % of cases,followed by the nurse/midwife in 15.4 % of cases. The fathers were the main decision makers in 46.2 %,followed by both parents in 26.9 % and grandparents in 15.4 % of the cases. 84 % of mothers were not in support of the practice. Thirteen percent of the clients would circumcise all their daughters. Forty-eight percent of the clients were of the opinion that FGM cause harm to the victims. Four percent of those whose daughters were yet to be circumcised were planning to cut them later. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Nigeria Source