Prevalence and belief in the continuation of female genital cutting among high school girls,in hadiya zone,southern ethiopia (2011)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Mitike Molla Mulugeta,Tamire FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To assess the prevalence and beliefs in the continuation of FGC among high school girls in Hadiya zone of southern Ethiopia Study Population: Female students Findings: Six hundred forty one (82.2%) of the girls were circumcised at a mean age of 9 years. Half of the total participants responded that FGC was being practiced in their village. A majority 675(86.7%) had stated that FGC is harmful,while 606(77.7%) thought that a girl has the right not to be circumcised. More than half,384(59.9%) of the cutting was performed by traditional circumcisers while 186(30%) of the cutting was performed by health professionals. Group circumcision is common in the area,429(67%) were circumcised in groups and majority 528(82.5) of the cutting was in their own homes. Few of the circumcised girls,60(9.4%) supported their status as a circumcised girl and only 5 % believe in the continuation of FGC. Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Ethiopia Source

September 8, 2023

Prevalence and belief in the continuation of female genital cutting among high school girls: across – sectional study in Hadiya zone,Southern Ethiopia (2013)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Mulugeta Tamire,Mitike Molla FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To assess the prevalence and belief in the continuation of FGC among High School Girls in Hadiya Zone Study Population: girls Findings: Of 780 high school girls,82.2% were circumcised at a mean age of 11(±2.3) years. Half of the total participants responded that FGC was being practiced in their village. About 60% of the circumcisions were performed by traditional circumcisers while health professionals had performed 30% of them. A few of the circumcised girls (9.4%) supported their status as a circumcised girl,but only 5% believe in the continuation of FGC. The odds of being cut was higher among girls whose fathers and mothers had educational status under high school level (AOR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.25,3.09) and (AOR = 1.84; 95% CI: 1.01,3.38) respectively when compared to those whose parents had attended high school and above. The odds of believing in the continuation of FGC was 2.33(95% CI: 1.01,5.33) times higher among those who responded that FGC was practiced in their areas. Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Ethiopia Source

Prevalence and challenges of female genital mutilation (FGM) in Edo State,Nigeria (2014)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Abimbola Adebimpe Allen FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To probe into the nature,determinant and prevalence of domestic violence against women in the area of Female Genital Mutilation Study Population: Women Findings: The result indicated that although prevalence of FGM is not very high in the state,however the practice is still commonly done and the women were not in position to decide in most cases on whether to have FGM/C done or not Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Nigeria Source

Prevalence and determinants of the practice of genital mutilation of girls in Khartoum,Sudan (2006)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding III FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Satti A, Elmusharaf S, Bedri H, Idris T, Hashim MS, Suliman G, Almroth L FGM/C Type(s): III Health area of focus: None. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of FGM,identify the types performed in Khartoum and investigate whether FGM is associated with various social factors Study Population: Girls Findings: The study found that 20 per cent of the study group had undergone FGM/C,50% of guardians indicated that it would be done later,and 29% stated that the child would not undergo FGM/C. In 66% of those who had undergone FGM,it was WHO type III. All operations had been performed by health professionals,mainly midwives. Those who had allowed or intended to allow their daughters to undergo FGM/C were of significantly lower socio-economic status and had spent significantly fewer years in school than those who had not/would not. All who had undergone FGM/C were Muslims. None of the 16 Christians had undergone FGM. In girls over 7 years of age,there was a higher risk of having FGM in those who attended school than in those who did not Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Sudan Source

Prevalence and determinants of female genital cutting among primary school girls in Addis Ababa Ethiopia (2009)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Zewde Thewodros FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To assess the prevalence of FGC and its potential factors contributing to the act of FGC among primary in-school girls of Addis Ababa Study Population: School Girls,Teachers,Parents,Nurses,Policemen,Religious Leaders Findings: The prevalence of FGM/C was significantly higher (36.6%) in government schools than public (28.9%),private (5.1%) and religious (6.3%) schools. Likewise the prevalence of FGM/C was higher in parents with lower income (19.9%) group & low educational status of mothers (12.5%) and fathers (10.1%). The proportion of mothers deciding to perform FGM/C was higher (39%) than fathers (23.8%) and other relatives (22.9%).The vast majority (94.1%) of the girls’ parents stated that FGC is harmful practice. Although most (94.6%) parents were aware of FGC complication,still about a quarter (25.8%) of them have circumcised their daughters. FGC had significantly association with ethnicity,education,occupation,income and cultural reasons given by the families. In the multivariate analysis,of these factors only the reason of being FGC painful and healthy procedure was found as a predictor of the practice of female circumcision (AOR=0.35; 95%=0.17 to 0.72) Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Ethiopia Source

Prevalence and factors associated with female genital mutilation among women of reproductive age in the Bawku municipality and Pusiga District of northern Ghana (2018)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Sakeah,E.,Debpuur,C.,Oduro,A. R.,Welaga,P.,Aborigo,R.,Sakeah,J. K.,& Moyer,C. A FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine circumcision status of women of reproductive age and factors associated with it in the Bawku Municipality and Pusiga District of northern Ghana. Study Population: Women of reproductive age (15-49) Findings: Sixty-one percent of respondents reported having had FGM. 66 percent of circumcised individuals claimed their mothers affected their decision. Three-quarters of women believe that FGM can be prevented through health education. Women residing in the Pusiga area with no formal education were more likely to be circumcised than those residing in the Bawku Municipality between the ages of 15 and 24 with higher education. Similarly,married women were more likely than unmarried women to have been circumcised. Age and marital status were related with FGM in Bawku,while age,marital status,and women’s education were connected with FGM in Pusiga. Female Genital Mutilation is still practiced in the northern Ghanaian municipalities of Bawku and Pusiga,mainly among women of low socioeconomic standing. Implementing programs that provide health education to communities and promote the secondary education of girls could help end the practice. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Ghana Source

Prevalence and factors associated with female genital mutilation among women of reproductive age in the Bawku municipality and Pusiga District of northern Ghana. (2018)

This study is a Primary quantitative regarding Not specified FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Sakeah,E.,Debpuur,C.,Oduro,A. R.,Welaga,P.,Aborigo,R.,Sakeah,J. K.,& Moyer,C. A. FGM/C Type(s): Not specified Health area of focus: . Objective: To determine circumcisionstatus of women of reproductive age and factorsassociated with it in the Bawku Municipality and PusigaDistrict of northern Ghana. Study Population: women of reproductive age (15–49). Findings: Among all respondents,830 women who participated in the study,61% reported having undergone FGM.Of those circumcised,66% indicated their mothers influenced it. Three quarters of the women think FGM could bestopped through health education. Women who live in the Pusiga district (AOR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.16–2.38),are aged35–49 (AOR: 4.24; 95% CI: 2.62–6.85),and have no formal education (AOR: 2.78; 95% CI: 1.43–5.43) or primaryeducation (AOR: 2.10; 95% CI: 1.03–4.31) were more likely to be circumcised relative to those who reside in BawkuMunicipal,are aged 15–24,and had tertiary education. Likewise,married women (AOR: 3.82; 95% CI: 2.53–5.76) weremore likely to have been circumcised compared with unmarried women. At a site-specific level,factors associatedwith FGM included age and marital status in Bawku,and age,marital status,and women’s education in Pusiga. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Ghana Source

Prevalence and medicalization of female genital mutilation (2004)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Ugboma H,Akani C,and Babatunde S FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Prevalence. Objective: To ascertain the prevalence and operators of female genital mutilation (FGM) Study Population: Community members Findings: Prevalence of FGM amongst the study population was 53.2%. Medical doctors were the most mentioned operators (34.5%) followed by traditional birth attendants (33.8%). Control of excess female sexual desires (58.2%) and promotion of culture (39.5%) were the major reasons adduced for this practice. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Nigeria Source

Prevalence and Motivations of Vaginal Practices in Tete Province,Mozambique (2012)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): François Isabelle,Brigitte Bagnol,Matthew Chersich,Francisco Mbofana,Esmeralda Mariano,Hipolito Nzwalo,Elise Kenter,Nazarius Mbona Tumwesigye,Terry Hull,Adriane Martin Hilber FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Prevalence. Objective: To Determine the Prevalence and Motivations of Vaginal Practices in Tete Province,Mozambique Study Population: Women Findings: Almost half the women were married (44%),with a further 39% unmarried but in a stable relationship (Table 3). Among women married or in a stable relationship,28% were in a polygamous union and a further 7% knew that their partner had other sexual partners. Pulling of the vaginal labia minora and in-travaginal cleansing had been universally practiced ever by 99% and 92% of women,respectively. Insertion of substances into the vagina and washing had been adopted by almost three quarters of women (72% and 70%,respectively). Almost half mentioned ingestion of substances to affect the vagina (48%),while a fourth stated they had ever performed cutting or an incision. Application of substances onto the genitalia (16%) and steaming or smoking (15%)were less frequently practiced. Though prevalence of current and evercleaning was similar, around one third of women whoever elongated the labia were not currently using this practice. This differential use might have reflected a specific life-cycle pattern. Stretching the labia was mainly performed in childhood,beginning at mean age of 11 years. Cleansing and application was performed at a similar age to coital debut,between 15 and18 years old. Cutting and steaming occurred later in life,at around 22 to 23 years old. The use of surgical procedures was most commonly motivated by the desire to treat an infection or symptom (44%),followed by male sexual pleasure (22%) and maintaining partner commitment (24%). The anticipated physical effects were symptom relief (52%) and heating (11%),tightening (6%),or drying the vagina (5%). Not surprisingly, women most frequently undertook cutting at the time of physical discomfort (34%) and in preparation of sexual intercourse (31%). Pregnancy,childbirth,and postpartum were reported as life events associated with cutting by one third of these women(32%) Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Mozambique Source

Prevalence and predictors of female genital mutilation among infants in a semi urban community in northern Nigeria (2015)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Ashimi Adewale O.,Taiwo G. Amole,and Zubairu Iliyasu FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To determine the prevalence,predictors,of female genital mutilation (FGM) among infants and ascertain if their mothers knew what was done to them in Birnin Kudu northern Nigeria. Study Population: Infants,mothers Findings: Of the 450 infants,215(47.8%) (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 43.1%–52.5%) had experienced one form of FGM. The ages at genital mutilation ranged from 1 to 50 days with a median of 4 days and interquartile range of 7 days. Maternal occupation,education and religion and type of facility accessed were significantly associated with occurrence of FGM in infants (p ≤ 0.05). After controlling for confounders,having a mother without formal education [AOR = 6.39 and 95% CI = 3.99–10.23] (p = 0.001) and one who was employed [Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.89 and 95% CI = 1.66–5.03] (p = 0.001) increased the likelihood of infant FGM remarkably while utilising tertiary institution for health care reduced the risk by about half [AOR = 0.49 and 95% CI = 0.26–0.92] (p = 0.03). Of the 215 infants that had undergone FGM,there was correlation between the reported and the observed forms of FGM in 16 (7.4%) of the cases. The prevalence of FGM is high with mothers’ educational status,type of health facility utilised and occupational status being predictors of FGM among infants in Birnin Kudu. Majority of the mothers are not aware of what was done. Strategies aimed at discouraging this dangerous practice in the community should include female education,involvement of the men as husbands,fathers,traditional and religious leaders. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Nigeria Source