Postpartum tightening operations on two delivery wards in Sudan (2006)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Berggren,V.,A. Elsiddig Yagoub,A. Mahmoud Satti,M. Abdel Khalifa,F. Abdel Aziz,and S. Bergstrom FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Gynaecological. Objective: To describe a study to explore the prevalence of postpartum tightening operations of the vulva and reinfibulation (RI) in Sudan.  Study Population: Women Findings: 61% of the women tightening vulval operations had been carried out after delivery. Of the women who had not been submitted to female genital mutilation (FGM) with suturing before delivery,35% had such an operation after delivery. Two out of 20 women without any primary FGM had undergone a tightening operation following delivery. In the two study settings observed,the prevalence of postpartum tightening operations was 61% and included women without previous FGM. Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Sudan Source

September 8, 2023

Posttraumatic stress disorder and memory problems after female genital mutilation (2005)

This study is a Correlation research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Behrendt Alice,Steffen Moritz FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Psychological. Objective: To explore the relationship between female genital mutilation and psychiatric illnesses,especially PTSD Study Population: Women Findings: The circumcised women showed a significantly higher prevalence of PTSD (30.4%) and other psychiatric syndromes (47.9%) than the uncircumcised women. PTSD was accompanied by memory problems Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Senegal Source

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Memory Problems After Female Genital Mutilation (2005)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Alice Behrendt,Steffen Moritz FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Memory Problems. Objective: This pilot study investigated the mental health status of women after genital mutilation. Study Population: Circumcised Senegalese women,uncircumcised Senegalese women Findings: The circumcised women showed a significantly higher prevalence of PTSD (30.4%) and other psychiatric syndromes (47.9%) than the uncircumcised women. PTSD was accompanied by memory problems. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Senegal Source

PP20 Estimating the numbers of women and girls with female genital mutilation in england and wales (2015)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Macfarlane AJ, Dorkenoo E FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: N/A. Objective: To produce indirect estimates of ;Numbers of women with FGM living in England and Wales as a whole and in each local authority area in 2011,numbers of women with FGM living in England and Wales and in each local authority area giving birth each year from 2000 to 2013,numbers of daughters born to women born in FGM-practicing countries resident in England and Wales and in each local authority area. Study Population: Relied on DHS datasets Findings: In 2011,an estimated 103,000 women aged 15–49,24,000 women aged 50 and over 10,000 girls aged under 15 with FGM and born in FGM practising countries were living in England and Wales. Three fifths of these women were born in countries where FGM is nearly universal. Although many lived in Greater London and major cities,there were women born in these countries living in every local authority district. An estimated 1.5 per cent of women giving birth in England and Wales since 2008 had undergone FGM. And an estimated 60,000 girls aged 0–14 in 2011 were born to mothers with FGM Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Europe Country(ies):United Kingdom Source

Practice and attitudes of Sudanese midwives towards: re-infibulation (re-circumcision) (2009)

This study is a Explanatory research regarding III FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Magied Ahmed Abdel,Islam El Tayeb,and Mieaad El Hassan FGM/C Type(s): III Health area of focus: None. Objective: To investigate the practice and attitudes of Sudanese Midwives towards re-circumcision (re-infibulation) practice. The opinion of” midwives on why Sudanese women re-circumcise themselves and the magnitude of re-circumcision practice for whatever reasons were investigated. Study Population: Midwives Findings: The main findings were that re-circumcision is practiced by married and unmarried women. Married women practice re-circumcision after delivery and sometimes cosmetically twice or three times a year. Married women practice re-circumcision to tighten the vaginal orifice for the pleasure of the husband or else,as claimed,to beautify their external genitalia. Unmarried women practice re-circumcision after doing premarital sex as camouflage for virginity before getting married. Married women of the age group 20-45 years old practice re-circumcision. On the other hand,unmarried women in the age group 16-35 practice re-circumcision. The magnitude of re-circumcision among married women is 40-80% and among unmarried women is 10-15%.Married women pay 20-50 SDG to be re-circumcised,while unmarried women pay 100-250 SDG Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Sudan Source

Practice and perceptions of female genital mutilation among Nigerian Igbo women (2004)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Adinma B  FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Prevalence. Objective: Study Population: women attending antenatal clinics Findings: Genital mutilation occurred in 296 (48.5%) of 610 pregnant Nigerian Igbo women attending antenatal clinics. The incidence was especially high in association with high maternal age,high parity and low social class. Female genital mutilation (FGM) class 1 occurred in 75 (25.3%) cases while FGM class 2 occurred in 221 (74.7%). There was no cases of FGM class 3 (infibulation). The majority,322 (52.8%) of the women were positively aware of their true genital mutilation status,but 288 (47.2%) showed negative response being either unaware of their true genital mutilation status or had become confused. Female genital mutilation was no longer practiced in the locality of 337 (55.3%) of the women,was occasionally practiced in that of 55 (9.0%) and was still fully practiced in that of 88 (14.4%) of the respondents. Most of the women,324 (53.1%) had no knowledge of any advantages of female genital mutilation. However,157 (25.7%) believed that it discourages infidelity while 56 (9.2%) believed that it facilitated delivery. Similarly,336 (55.1%) of the women were not aware of any risks of female genital mutilation,although 164 (26.9%) believed that it would cause difficult labour. Eighty (13.1%) of the respondents would advocate FGM for their daughters,out of which 34 (42.5%) cited cultural reasons. Four hundred and sixty-six women (76.4%) would not wish their daughters to be circumcised. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Nigeria Source

Practice of Female Genital Mutilation in Ijomu-Oro Community State,Nigeria. (2009)

This study is a Correlation research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Afolayan Joel Adeleke,and Felicia Abiola Oguntoye FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To investigate practice and effects of Female Genital Mutilation in Ijomu-Oro Community,Kwara State,Nigeria Study Population: Ijomu-Oro Community Findings: The result of the findings showed that educational level of the participants did not reduce their practice of female genital mutilation and Christianity did not influence their practice but culture had negative influence as majority of the people see the practice as cultural which they must uphold to maintain the chastity of the girl child. It is therefore recommended that adequate health education should be promoted in the community on the effects of female genital mutilation so that they will be better enlightened. The religious leaders and other significant individuals can be useful for this. Government should enforce the enabling laws of female genital mutilation Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Nigeria Source

Practice of girl child circumcision in Northwestern Nigeria. (2018)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Gwarzo,G. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: N/A. Objective:  To examine the current awareness and practice of FC in northwestern Nigeria.  Study Population: Mothers at a paedriatric hospital in Kano,Nigeria Findings: FC is still commonly practiced. Knowledge of its adverse effects is scanty. More awareness campaigns and effective legislations are needed to curtail this harmful practice. Awareness of FC was 93.6% among 234 mothers enrolled in the study. It was practiced by 135 (67.2%) of 201 mothers who had at least one daughter,and only 10.4% of them believed FC was harmful. It was decided by fathers (82.2%),done on babies in the first 7 days (95.6%),by traditional barber (97.0%) and at home (97.8%). Culture was the main reason (69.6%) for performing FC. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Nigeria Source

Practice of reconstructive plastic surgery of the clitoris after genital mutilation in Burkina Faso. Report of 94 cases (2013)

This study is a Explanatory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Ouédraogo C. M.,S. Madzou,B. Touré,A. Ouédraogo,S. Ouédraogo,and J. Lankoandé FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Sexual. Objective: To describe and evaluate the results of reconstructive plastic surgery of the clitoris in order to promote reproductive health. Study Population: Women undergoing reconstructive plastic surgery of the clitoris Findings: The mean age was 32.3 years. The evaluation of the experience of sexuality before reconstruction showed that 41.5 % of patients had never had a sexual desire before surgery,more than half did not have a clitoral orgasm and dyspareunia was experienced by about a third of them. The main reason for consultation in our series was related to sexual dysfunction in more than half of our study population. All patients were operated using the technique of Dr Pierre Foldès. Evaluation with a decline of at least 6 months after surgery showed us a massive restoration of the clitoris at 89.7 %. There was a significant difference between sexual desire before and after surgery. A significant improvement in sexuality was observed in 83.6 % of patients. However,there was no significant difference between orgasm before and after surgery. This showed us that getting an orgasm is multifactorial and it is not enough to have a clitoris to have an orgasm,you have to use it. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Burkina Faso Source

Predictors of Consideration of Labiaplasty: An Extension of the Tripartite Influence Model of Beauty Ideals (2015)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding IV FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Sharp Gemma,Tiggemann Marika,Mattiske Julie FGM/C Type(s): IV Health area of focus: None. Objective: To investigate predictors of consideration of labiaplasty (the surgical reduction of the labia) using a sociocultural framework Study Population: Heterosexual adult Australian women Findings: A sample of 351 heterosexual adult Australian women aged 18–69 years completed measures of media exposure,peer influence,relationship quality,internalisation of the genital ideal,genital appearance comparison,genital appearance dissatisfaction,and consideration of labiaplasty. Almost all predictor variables were significantly correlated with consideration of labiaplasty. A structural equation model based on the Tripartite Influence Model focused on beauty ideals showed a good level of fit to the data: The effects of media exposure and peer influence on genital appearance dissatisfaction and consideration of labiaplasty were mediated by internalisation of the genital ideal and genital appearance comparison. Study concluded that media exposure,peer influence,and relationship quality influenced consideration of labiaplasty both directly and indirectly. The results contribute to a greater understanding of the sociocultural motivations behind labiaplasty and also demonstrate an important extension of the Tripartite Influence Model beyond the explanation of disordered eating behaviours to the consideration of a specific form of cosmetic surgery. The development of media literacy programmes may be beneficial in addressing genital appearance concerns in young girls Geographical coverage Region(s):Australia and New Zealand Country(ies):Australia Source