Maternal infibulation and obstetrical outcome in Djibouti (2015)

This study is a Explanatory research regarding I,II,III FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Minsart Anne-Frederique,N’guyen Thai-Son,Ali Hadji Rachid,and Caillet Martin FGM/C Type(s): I,II,III Health area of focus: Obstretic. Objective: To assess the relation between female genital mutilation and obstetric outcome in an East African urban clinic with a standardized care,taking into account medical and socioeconomic status. Study Population: Mothers Findings: Overall,29 of 643 women did not have any form of mutilation (4.5%),as opposed to 238 of 643 women with infibulation (37.0%),369 with type 2 (57.4%),and 7 with type 1 mutilation (1.1%).Women with a severe type of mutilation were more likely to have socio-economic and medical risk factors. After adjustment,the only outcome that was significantly related with infibulation was the presence of meconium-stained amniotic fluid with an odds ratio of 1.58 (1.10–2.27),pvalue=0.014. The study concluded that infibulation was not related with excess perinatal morbidity in this setting with a very high prevalence of female genital mutilation,but future research should concentrate on the relation between infibulation and meconium Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Djibouti Source

September 8, 2023

Meaning well while doing harm: compulsory genital examinations in Swedish African girls (2019)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Johnsdotter,S. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: Describes the current situation in Sweden and highlight some of the drawbacks of a very harsh,although well-intended,policy to check for FGM in Europe. Study Population: The discussion is based on data from 122 police files,including criminal investigations regarding suspected “female genital mutilation” (FGM) Findings: While the ultimate aim is to protect girls at risk for FGM,current policies have ramifications that are invasive and sometimes even traumatising for the girls involved. This paperoffers an empirical example of how politics in western multicultural societies may negatively influence the sexual health and rights of a target group,in this case,girls and young women whose families originate from countries where circumcision of girls is practiced Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Europe Country(ies):Sweden Source

Meaning-making of female genital cutting: children’s perception and acquired knowledge of the ritual (2013)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Schultz J H,Lien I L FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To find out how do girls who have undergone female genital cutting understand the ritual Study Population: Women Findings: The study concluded that the meaning-making process of the girls in connection with FGM/C was carefully monitored and supervised by their mothers,older sisters,grandmothers,and other women. The educational goal was that the girl should become a clean and honorable woman. This was achieved when the girl had performed the ritual,had understood and accepted its impor­tance,and finally passes it on to the next generation. In their daily lives,the girls were offered a rich set of metaphors that could help them to construct their FGM/C narrative Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Europe Country(ies):Norway Source

Measurement of female genital mutilation/cutting status: Perspectives from healthcare providers,policymakers, programme implementers,and researchers (2020)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): D Matanda FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: to assess the advantages and challenges of having healthcare providers physically examine and report on women’s FGM/C status; to understand the advantages and challenges of self-reporting as a method of data collection for FGM/C; to explore the validity of responses from parents or guardians reporting their daughter’s FGM/C status; to identify the preferred approaches in measuring FGM/C prevalence; and to assess participants’ views about the WHO classification of the different types of FGM/C. Study Population: healthcare providers,policymakers,programme implementers or researchers Findings: Physical examinations were reported to provide opportunities for identification and treatment of health complications related to FGM/C and a platform for sensitisation and prevention of FGM/C Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Measurement of the sexual health and wellbeing of women who have undergone female genital mutilation/Cutting: A scoping review (2019)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Esho,T. C.,Muniu,S. K.,Yussuf,M.,Okondo,C.,& Kabiru,C. W. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: a scoping review to identify and assess instruments used to measure sexual health and wellbeing in women who have undergone female genital mutilation/ cutting (FGM/C). Study Population: women who have undergone FGM/C Findings: All instruments were developed and initially validated among literate,predominantly Caucasian participants in North America and Europe. Only 1 validation study was conducted among women living with FGM/C. Conclusion: Most instruments only measured sexual functioning. Findings underscore the need to validate instruments appropriate for use among FGM/C survivors. Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Measures influencing eradication of female genital mutilation practices among the Maasai community in Maparasha constituency Kajiado county,Kenya (2014)

This study is a Explanatory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Nambisia Edith M FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To investigatethe measures influencing eradication of female genital mutilation practices among the Maasai community in Maparasha constituency in Kajiado County Study Population: Male village elders,women village elders,girls from the community who were employed and community members. Findings: The study revealed that girl-child education had played the most important part in FGM eradication among the Maasai. It also revealed that majority of the respondents (56.1%) agreed that the current Constitution of the Republic of Kenya (2010) protects children from FGM. Alternative Rites of Passage was also considered as a vital FGM eradication measure since majority of the respondents 48.2% agreed that public ceremonies were held to celebrate girl’s entry into womanhood without necessarily going through FGM. Majority of the respondents (46.9) also agreed that CBRC’S had created awareness on the need to eradicate FGM,majority of respondents. Conversely,42.5% agreed that the international organizations have educated them on the dangers and harms associated with FGM. Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Kenya Source

Measuring attitudes regarding female genital mutilation through a list experiment (2014)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Elisabetta De Cao FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To measure the attitudes among women toward Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) by using new data collected in Ethiopia Study Population: young people and women of reproductive age,our survey consists of women/mothers aged between 15 and 49 (n=631),and unmarried girls (n=217) aged between 15 and 24 Findings: Lower proportion (37%) of younger women (below age 25) was in favor of circumcision compared to the older age classes (41%). 39% of the Muslim women were in favor of FGM,while 31% was the proportion of Christians. In zones 1 and 3 about 40% of the women agreed on the sensitive issue,while 35% in zone 5. An interesting finding was the difference in rates among the women that had participated in a health education or health training program (23%) and the women who had never participated in any health education or training (42%). 42% of the never married women were in favor of FGM with respect to the 37% ever married women. About 42% of the women with no education or few years of education were in favor of FGM,while 23% was the percentage for the women that have finished elementary,secondary or tertiary education. Finally,37% of the women exposed to the NGO’s intervention agreed with the sensitive issue,while 42% was the percentage of the not exposed women. Results indicated that when asking a direct question about circumcision as if it was not sensitive,30% of the women were in favor of the practice. If,instead,the question’s sensitivity was taken into consideration by asking indirectly,the proportion of women in favor of FGM was much higher,39%. In general,a lot needed to be done to change these perceptions and to lower these high percentages Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Ethiopia Source

Media representations of Female Genital Mutilation: A Thematic analysis of two Ugandan national English daily newspapers (2019)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Kiapi,E. M. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: The purpose of the study is to understand how Female Genital Mutilation and Cutting is represented in the media. Focusing on two of Uganda’s leading national English dailies,the study explored media representations of FGM/C under the 2nd phase of the five-year UN Joint programme on FGM/ (2013-2017) to understand how FGM/C is portrayed as a public health issue. This study also explore whether the media representations of FGM/C are supported by the existing public health literature on FGM/C. The findings and reflections could support future research in this area and enhance public health advocates’ ability to promote effective public health policy Study Population: Two of Uganda’s leading national English dailies Findings: The analysis framed FGM/C as a public health concern based on (i) sexual and reproductive health outcomes,gender factors,and human rights violations and harmful cultural practices. (ii) The media perceived FGM/C a cause and effect of unequal power relations between women and men,and the inability for women to make decisions about their health and lives. (iii) Advocating for women and girl’s empowerment,keeping girls in school and involving men and boys to champion FGM/C abandonment were identified as key strategies to eliminate the practice. Various limitations were observed in terms of how the reporting faired in terms of news value,as detailed in the conclusion Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Uganda Source

Media strategies and their influence in communicating information on Female Genital Mutilation: a case of Meru community in Tharaka District (2014)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Samuel Kaunga FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To establish the influence of media strategies in communicating information about female genital mutilation effectively among the Meru community of Tharaka District. Study Population: Households in Tharaka District. Findings: The study concluded that media ambassadors influenced effective communication of FGM information. This implies that more involvement of media ambassadors in anti FGM campaigns would improve effective communication of FGM information. The study also concluded that local languages influenced effective communication of FGM information. This implies that more use of local language in anti FGM campaigns would improve effective communication of FGM information. Further,the study concluded that sheng language and public participation do not influence effective communication. It can be concluded that media strategies have a key role to play in communicating anti- FGM information among the Meru community of Tharaka Distric Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Kenya Source

Media strategies and their influence in communicating information on female genital mutilation: A case of Sabiny community in Kapchorwa district (2018)

This study is a Descriptive research,Correlation research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Agwang,D. B. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: The purpose of the study was to establish media strategies and its influence in communicating information on female genital mutilation. Study Population: Males,females,elders,local leaders and health workers who were knowledgeable about the practice of FGM. Findings: Analysis of correlations found that media ambassadors and local language positively and significantly influenced effective communication. In contrast,the investigation found that public participation had no statistically significant effect on communication effectiveness. The study revealed that media ambassadors and local languages affected the effectiveness of FGM information dissemination. This suggests that increasing the use of local languages and media ambassadors in anti-FGM efforts might increase the effectiveness of FGM information dissemination. In addition,the study found that public participation has little effect on successful communication,and that media techniques play a crucial role in spreading anti-FGM information to the Sabiny population in Kapchorwa. Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Uganda Source