Lived experiences of women from the Odi community in Nigeria of female genital mutilation (2016)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Dotimi D FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To explore their lived experiences,their perspectives on the current legislation for the prevention of FGM,and their perspectives on the cultural myths surrounding the practice Study Population: Women Findings: Five major themes emerged: (a) FGM is a traditional rite,(b) challenges of FGM,(c) FGM cultural myth instills fear,(d) ignorance of legislation against FGM,and (e) needs government intervention to halt FGM Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Nigeria Source

September 8, 2023

Living with mutilation: A qualitative study on the consequences of female genital mutilation in women’s health and the healthcare system in Spain (2018)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding I,II FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Pastor-Bravo,M. del M.,Almansa-Martínez,P.,& Jiménez-Ruiz,I. FGM/C Type(s): I,II Health area of focus: None. Objective: The study aimed to discover the repercussions of female genital mutilation on the health of sub-Saharan women residing in Spain,as well as the healthcare received. Study Population: sub-Saharan women Findings: Women experience physical,psychological,obstetric,and sexual health issues as a result of female genital mutilation,and despite a favorable perception of the healthcare received during pregnancy and delivery,healthcare professionals were perceived as lacking in their provision of health education,detection,and treatment of female genital mutilation. The healthcare policy must address the inadequacies in providing adequate care to immigrant women who have undergone female genital mutilation by implementing the necessary resources and training for professionals to effectively meet the specific healthcare needs of this population and prevent the perpetuation of this cruel practice. Geographical coverage Region(s):Southern Europe Country(ies):Spain Source

Local conformity to international norms: the case of female genital cutting (2002)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Boyle Elizabeth Heger,Barbara J McMorris,Mayra Gomez FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To address the question of when does local attitudes and practices conform to international norms. One theoretical perspective linked attitudes in developing countries to control over the physical environment,arguing that greater control over nature is associated with the rejection of traditional authority and the acceptance of modern science. A competing perspective emphasizes the importance of western scripts as a source of individual identity Study Population: Relied on articles Findings: The study found that institutions which carry `modern’ scripts – education,college,mass media and female employment – all reduce the probability that women will favor the continuation of FGM/C or `circumcision’ of their daughters. The effects of factors associated with control over nature were more mixed. The study also found that Christian women are more likely to express negative attitudes toward FGM/C Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Long term health consequences of female genital mutilation (FGM) (2014)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Reisel D,Creighton SM FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Gynaecological,Psychological,Sexual. Objective: To look at how FGM has effects on gynaecological,psychological and sexual function. The study seeks to describe the practice of FGM,review the reported complications and how these may impact upon long term health,identify gaps in available evidence and give suggestions for future research Study Population: Relied on articles Findings: There is an extraordinary scarcity of high quality research to inform clinical practice Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Long-term consequences of female genital mutilation in a European context: self perceived health of FGM women compared to non-FGM women (2014)

This study is a Correlation research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Andro,Armelle,Emmanuelle Cambois,Marie Lesclingand FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Sexual,reproductive and psychological,gynaecological and urinary infections. Objective: To highlight the need for more accurate information on FGM health consequences,in a European health care context. Study Population: Women Findings: Among women living in France,FGM was significantly associated with poor health indicators: gynaecological and urinary infections (OR = 2.0),sleep disorders (OR = 1.4),intense pain (OR = 1.5),difficulties in daily life (OR = 1.5) and in sexual life (OR = 1.7) or tearing during childbirth (OR = 1.6). Results suggest that,even in a favourable healthcare context,FGM exposes women to long-term health problems,including in areas neglected in previous research. They confirm the need to establish recommendations to help physicians understand these women’s needs. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Europe Country(ies):France Source

Lower genital tract lesions requiring surgical intervention in girls: Perspective from a developing country (2009)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Sebastian O Ekenze,Okezie M Mbadiwe,Hyginius U Ezegwui FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Surgical. Objective: To determine the spectrum,outcome of treatment and the challenges of managing surgical lesions of lower genital tract in girls in a low-resource setting. Study Population: Girls Findings:  The median age at presentation was 1 year (range 2 days–13 years). Congenital lesions comprised 67.8% and acquired lesions 32.2%. The lesions included: masculinised external genitalia (24),vestibular fistula from anorectal malformation (23),post-circumcision labial fusion (12),post-circumcision vulval cyst (6),low vaginal malformations (6),labial adhesion (5),cloacal malformation (3),bifid clitoris (3) urethral prolapse (3),and acquired rectovaginal fistula (2). Seventy-eight (89.7%) had operative treatment. Procedure related complications occurred in 19 cases (24.4%) and consisted of surgical wound infection (13 cases),labial adhesion (4 cases) and urinary retention (2 cases). There was no mortality. Overall,14 (16.1%) abandoned treatment at one stage or another. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Nigeria Source

Lower urinary tract symptoms following female genital mutilation (2013)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Amin MM,Rasheed S,Salem E FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Urinary . Objective: Estimate the prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) following female genital mutilation (FGM). Study Population: women who had undergone FGM Findings: A total of 251 women agreed to participate. All had the clitoris amputated,7.1% had some form of mutilation to the labia majora,33.8% had adhesions of the labia minora,19.2% had clitoral retention cysts,and 38.8% reported at least 1 LUTS. Nocturia (38.6%) was the most prevalent LUTS,intermittency (23.5%) was the most prevalent voiding LUTS,and incomplete voiding (22.7%) was the most common post-micturition LUTS. All 3 types of LUTS were reported by 11.6% of the women. Those with Type II and Type III FGM had a significantly higher risk of having all 3 LUTS than those with Type I. Women with FGM are significantly more likely to have LUTS than women without FGM,and LUTS seem to be more burdensome in those with more extensive FGM. Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Egypt Source

Magnitude of and driving factors for female genital cutting in schoolgirls in Addis Ababa,Ethiopia: A crosssectional study (2010)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Shay Thewodros,Haidar Jemal,Kogi-Makau Wambui FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To examine FGM/C prevalence among schools Study Population: Girls Findings: The study found that almost 26 per cent of the respondents had undergone FGM/C at a median age of 4 years. FGM/C had most commonly been performed at age 1 – 5 years,when 50.9% of the total group had been circumcised. Of the girls attending government schools,36.6% had undergone FGM/C. The majority of the procedures had been performed by traditional circumcisers (62.3%),followed by health workers (22.6%). The decision to subject the girl to FGC was most frequently made by mothers (38.7% of the FGC group),the remainder of the decisions being made by fathers (24.5%),both parents (22.6%) and relatives (14.2%). There was a significantly higher prevalence of FGM/C among girls attending government schools,girls of Guraghe ethnicity,and girls whose mothers had no knowledge about the harm of FGC/C. A smaller proportion of girls living with both parents than of those living with relatives had undergone FGM/C Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Ethiopia Source

Male and Female Circumcision Associated With Prevalent HIV Infection in Virgins and Adolescents in Kenya,Lesotho,and Tanzania (2007)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Devon D. Brewer, John J. Potterat, John M. Roberts and Stuart Brody FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: HIV transmission. Objective: To assess the relation between male and female circumcision (genital cutting) and prevalent HIV infection in Kenyan,Lesothoan,and Tanzanian virgins and adolescents Study Population: Adolescents and adults,focusing on populations in which circumcision was common and usually occurred in puberty or later Findings: Circumcised male and female virgins were substantially more likely to be HIV infected than uncircumcised virgins (Kenyan females: 3.2% vs. 1.4%,odds ratio [OR] = 2.38; Kenyan males: 1.8% vs. 0%,OR undefined; Lesothoan males: 6.1% vs. 1.9%,OR 3.36; Tanzanian males: 2.9% vs. 1.0%,OR 2.99; weighted mean phi correlation = 0.07,95% confidence interval,0.03 to 0.11). Among adolescents,regardless of sexual experience,circumcision was just as strongly associated with prevalent HIV infection. However,uncircumcised adults were more likely to be HIV positive than circumcised adults. Self-reported sexual experience was independently related to HIV infection in adolescent Kenyan females,but was unrelated to HIV infection in adolescent Kenyan,Lesothoan,and Tanzanian males. Study concluded that HIV transmission may occur through circumcision-related blood exposures in eastern and southern Africa. Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa,Southern Africa Country(ies):Kenya,Lesotho,Tanzania Source

Male and female genital cutting among Javanese and Madurese (2003)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Basilica Dyah Putranti,Muhadjir Darwin,Sri Purwatiningsih FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To examine the significance for the society of the procedures of FGM/C Study Population: Religious Leaders,Ethnic Group Members,Medical Practitioners,Non Medical Practitioners,Persons who had directly experienced FGM/C Findings: The research showed that FGM/C was closely related to ideology. Thus it could not be neglected,but needed to be understood by those involved in decision making and other stakeholders involved with the problem of FGM/C such as local community leaders ,religious leaders Geographical coverage Region(s):Southeastern Asia Country(ies):Indonesia Source