Genital and Urinary Tract Obstruction as a Late Complication of Female Genital Mutilation at Latifa Hospital,Dubai,UAE—Case Report (2019)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding III FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Alhubaishi,L. Y. A.,Badawi,F.,Hotait,H. Y.,Lakshmiah,G.,& Fazari,A. B. FGM/C Type(s): III Health area of focus: Gynacological. Objective: We present a 56 years postmenopausal woman referred with recurrent urine retention with urinary and genital tract obstruction following long-last female genital mutilation. She was managed by elective defibulation,with a satisfactory outcome Study Population: 56 years P4 Postmenopausal lady and no post-menopausal bleeding no sexual activity Findings: Female genital mutilation is a dangerous and dehumanizing traditional practice that needs to be stopped. It has long term complications that might affect quality of life. Many efforts were done to stop FGM with touchable progress but every now and then FGM complication is still seen. However,more legislation is not enough to stop the practice Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Asia Country(ies):United Arab Emirates Source

September 8, 2023

Genital lesions complicating female genital cutting in infancy: a hospital-based study in south-east Nigeria (2007)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding I,II FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): S. O. Ekenze,H. U. Ezegwui,and C. O. Adiri FGM/C Type(s): I,II Health area of focus: Gynaecological. Objective: To determine the genital lesions complicating childhood FGC and the underlying factors that sustain this practice among the Igbos in south-east Nigeria. Study Population: Girls with genital complications of FGC and their mothers (between January 2003 and June 2005 at the Federal Medical Centre,Owerri,south-east Nigeria) Findings: The average age at presentation was 3.5 years (range 1–5) and the genital cutting procedures were performed 8–90 days after birth. The procedure was undertaken by traditional practitioners in 14 (66.7%) girls and by nurses in 7 (33.3%) girls. Twelve girls (57.1%) had type I genital cutting and nine (42.9%) type II. Inclusion clitoral dermoid cyst and labial fusion were the complications in 13 (61.9%) and eight (38.1%),respectively. Treatment involved complete excision of the cysts and operative division of the labial fusion. Post-operative complications were wound infection (5) and labial adhesion (2). With duration of admission ranging from 3 to 5 days,the average cost of managing each child was $120. Of the girls’ mothers,15 (71.4%) had been educated to secondary level and 17 (80.1%) were aware of the campaign against FGC. Regrettably,all the mothers had genital cutting themselves during childhood and 13 (61.9%) stated that they would like to perpetuate the practice for socio-cultural reasons. Despite this,they all volunteered that FGC is enforced by the child’s paternal relations. The study concluded that childhood FGC contributed to appreciable morbidity among girls,a large proportion of who were not managed in a hospital setting. The cost of managing these complications could be enormous,especially in low resource settings. Girl child education to tertiary level and the involvement of traditional rulers and local decision makers in the campaign against FGC might help to eradicate the practice Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Nigeria Source

Genital mutilation of girls in Sudan: community- and hospital-based studies on female genital mutilation cutting and its sequelae (2005)

This study is a Correlation research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Almroth L FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To investigate adverse health effects on the child and to investigate association between FGM/C and primary fertility Study Population: Young mothers,young fathers,grandfathers,grandmothers Findings: The study found out that for girls under 7,there was a significant association between FGM/C and suspected UTI. Most young men would have preferred to marry women without FGM/C. After controlling for age,there was a strong association between primary fertility and FGM/C Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Sudan Source

Genital trauma in prepubertal girls and adolescents (2011)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Merritt Diane F FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Psychological. Objective: To look critically at recent research articles that pertain to children and adolescents who present with genital injuries Study Population: children and adolescents who present with genital injuries Findings: There is long-term psychological effect caused by child sexual abuse Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Geographic variation and factors associated with female genital mutilation among reproductive age women in Ethiopia: a national population based survey (2016)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Tesfaye Setegn,Yihunie Lakew,Kebede Deribe FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To assess the spatial distribution and factors associated with FGM among reproductive age women in the Ethiopia Study Population: Women Findings: The study showed that the trend of FGM/C weighted prevalence had been decreasing. Being wealthy,Muslim and in higher age categories were associated with increased odds of FGM/C among women. Similarly,daughters from Muslim women had increased odds of experiencing FGM/C. Women in the higher age categories had increased odds of having daughters who experience FGM. The odds of FGM/C among daughters decreased with increased maternal education. Mass media exposure,being wealthy and higher paternal and maternal education were associated with decreased odds of women’s support of FGM/C continuation. FGM/C prevalence and geographic clustering showed variation across regions in Ethiopia Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Ethiopia Source

Geographic variation of female genital mutilation and legal enforcement in Sub-Saharan Africa: A case study of Senegal (2015)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Kandala N,Komba P FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To examine the prevalence of female genital mutilation (FGM) in Senegal and the effectiveness of the country’s anti-FGM law in dealing with actual breaches and providing protection to the victims Study Population: Women,Daughters Findings: The study concluded that the overall prevalence of FGM/C among women and daughters was 28.1% and 6.2%,respectively. Significant factors were sociodemographics,ethnicity,and region. This analysis shows both advantages and vulnerabilities of the anti-FGM law in relation to the issue of enforcement. It indicates that the law falls short of offering adequate protection to potential victims. FGM is a cultural and social norm imbedded predominantly in rural settings and as such,drives resistance to jettisoning FGM. Legislation has been one of the driving forces behind the eradication of the practice Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Senegal Source

Geographical variation in the prevalence of female genital mutilation in the Kurdistan region of Iraq (2019)

This study is a Not specified regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Shabila,N. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: This study aimed to determine the geographical clustering of female genital mutilation in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Study Population: The sample included 11 384 women of reproductive age who reported having undergone genital mutilation. The prevalence of female genital was analysed according to Iraqi governorate including the three governorates of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq,district of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq,and age group (15–30 and 31–49 years). Findings: The prevalence of female genital mutilation was highest in Erbil (62.9%) and Sulaimany (55.8%) governorates in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The prevalence was highest in the districts of Pishdar (98.1%),Rania (95.1%),Choman (88.5%),Dukan (83.8%) and Koya (80.4%). In 20 of the 33 districts,the prevalence of female genital mutilation was significantly lower in the younger age group (15–30 years). The difference between the two age groups was small and not statistically significant in the districts of Pishdar,Rania and Dukan. The main cluster of districts with a high prevalence of female genital mutilation is located in the eastern part of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq along the border with the Islamic Republic of Iran Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Asia Country(ies):Iraq Source

Geography and correlates of attitude toward Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) in Sudan: What can we learn from successive Sudan opinion poll data?. (2016)

This study is a Correlation research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Hamilton Alexander,and Ngianga-Bakwin Kandala FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To investigate the geographical variation of attitude shifts toward the eradication of FGM,as well as a wide range of potential correlates towards the continuation of FGM using the successive DFID Sudan opinion poll (2012/13 to 2014 DFIDSOP) data,while accounting for a number of potential risk factors and socio-demographic correlates. Study Population: Sudanese Public Findings: During 2012 to 2014,the overall proportion of pro-FGM was 27.5% and 18.3% respectively with striking variations within states. People with pro-FGM attitude were more likely to be un-educated,living in rural settings with strong tribal identity. Individuals from Darfur were more likely to be pro-FGM when compared to the North state. Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Sudan Source

Global Discourse,Local Practice: Female Circumcision and Inter-Generational Conflict in a Somali Diaspora Community (2013)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Nasra Abubakar FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: N/A. Objective:  To contribute to ongoing efforts to eradicate the practice of female circumcision worldwide Study Population: Somali Diaspora Community living in the US Findings: The research found a pronounced generational divide on opinions relating to FC,with the younger generation expressing adamant opposition to the practice. The views of the younger generation reflect a higher status for women of the Somali diaspora,which is borne out of a struggle with adjustment to a new culture. Geographical coverage Region(s):North America Country(ies):United States Source

Growing rejection of female genital cutting among women of reproductive age in Amhara,Ethiopia (2009)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Sibylle Rahlenbecka and Wubegzier Mekonnen FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To evaluate if attitudes towards FGC are influenced by women’s self-empowerment Study Population: women aged 15-49 years in Amhara region Findings: Of the respondents,69% (1333/1942) had undergone through FGM. Rates showed a secular decline,decreasing from 77% in women aged 45-49 years old to 59% in those age 15-24 years. Of women with daughters,64% had at least one circumcised daughter. Again,prevalence declined from 78% in daughters of mothers aged 45-49 years to 45% in those aged 15-24 years. In logistic regression,controlling for maternal FGC status,age and religion,maternal education was a strong predictor of having a circumcised daughter. Fifty-four percent of respondents disapproved of the continuation of FGC. In logistic regression controlling for covariates,education and self-empowerment were factors associated with rejecting FGC. Women who had ever attended a school had a 4-fold increase in the odds of disapproving the practice than those who never did and respondents who scored high on empowerment indices had a 1.5-fold increase in the odds to favour discontinuation compared to women scoring low. Study recommends that future efforts to eliminate FGM be particularly directed to illiterate populations in rural areas. Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Ethiopia Source