Female Genital Mutilation: Why Does It Continue To Be A Social And Cultural Force? (2012)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Nasra Abubakar FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To explore the factors contributing to the persistence of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) among Somalis in the Diaspora and in Somalia Study Population: Women and men Findings: A major finding from the study was that Somali diasporans who believe that FGM is derived from Islamic doctrine are more inclined to advocate for its continuation whereas those diasporans who do not associate FGM with Islam are more likely to advocate for the eradication of FGM. Geographical coverage Region(s):North America Country(ies):United States Source

September 8, 2023

Female Genital Mutilation: Why it is Difficult to Stop it in Tanzania? (2018)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Horera John,R. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: This study aimed to investigate factors that hindering the initiatives of ending female genital mutilation practice in Tanzania. Study Population: Relied on the literature review,and the document analysis Findings: Social-cultural factors,economic factors,patriarchal factors,religious factors,and a lack of education and knowledge about the negative effects of female circumcision were found to have a strong relationship with the long persistence of the practice,thereby impeding efforts to end female genital mutilation in society. The study revealed the present hurdles faced by female circumcision opponents; thus,the study proposed a sustainable strategy to help close the chapter on female genital mutilation globally. Geographical coverage Region(s):Eastern Africa Country(ies):Tanzania Source

Female genital mutilation: FGM patients treated at the “Umberto I” polyclinic of Rome: 1985-1996 (2001)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding III FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Bonessio L.,B. Bartucca,S. Bertelli,F. Morini,V. Aleandri and V. Spina FGM/C Type(s): III Health area of focus: Gynaecological,Obstretic. Objective: to analyze the short-term complications of FGM,which are severe and often even deadly,as well as the long-term ones,which are more likely to be faced in the clinical practice of a western Country physician. Study Population: women who had undergone infibulation,amongst the patients admitted at the Departments of Obstetrics and Ginaecology of university of Rome “La Sapienza” during the period (1 January 1985-31 december 1996) Findings: More specific expertise was found to be necessary for a correct health care of women who had undergone infibulation Geographical coverage Region(s):Southern Europe Country(ies):Italy Source

Female Genital Mutilation-An update (2015)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Krick .D. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Psychological,obstretric,defibulation technique. Objective: To provide an overview of the most recent statistics on FGM,the serious short-term and long-term physical,obstetric and psychological complications,defibulation technique and the law in South Africa Study Population: None Findings: FGM is recognized internationally as a violation of the human rights of girls and women. Despite efforts by international organizations to eliminate the practice it continues to be performed in many mainly African countries. More efforts are required to eliminate this ancient practice. The improvement of women’s socioeconomic status as well as informative programs targeting both local communities and the international public opinion are important in the attempt to eradicate the practice of FGM and its consequences on women’s health Geographical coverage Region(s):Southern Africa Country(ies):South Africa Source

Female genital mutilations – A testimony (2013)

This study is a Explanatory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Youssouf Samia FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Gynaecological,sexual,psychological. Objective: To describe the outcome of an obstacle course of more than ten years duration Study Population: None Findings: N/A Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Female genital mutilations: genito-urinary complications and ethical-legal aspects (2015)

This study is a Explanatory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Vella M,Argo A,Costanzo A,Tarantino L,Milone L,Pavone C FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Gynaecological,Sexual,Urinary. Objective: To analyze the epidemiology of FGMs,the reasons why the practice is still made,the complications,the ethical,and the principal legal aspects of this practise that must be hopefully early banned Study Population: Relied on articles Findings: The study concluded that as in other European countries,in Italian medical schools,FGMs are not included in pre-graduate curriculum and recent studies enphasize that there is a lack of knowledge on the subject among gynecologists,many of whom are not familiar with the classification and management of FGM. No studies were conducted among urology specialist aimed to appreciate their competence and attitude in this field of interest. In addition,considering the possible consequences for overall psychophysical health,a multidisciplinary approach is recommended in collaboration with pediatricians,who can play a central role in prevention. A variety of sociocultural myths,religious misbelievers,and hygienic and aesthetic concerns were behind the FGM/C. Overall,a large proportion of people supported the continuation of FGM/C in spite of adverse effect and sexual dysfunction associated with FGM/C Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Female genital mutlation an emerging public health concern (2006)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Sarah Jan Brown FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Physical and mental health. Objective: Discuss how it is harmful to the physical and mental health of the women who have undergone FGM Study Population: No stated Findings: The concern of female genital mutilation is physically and mentally harmful to women,but is still continued as a tradition in cultures in much of the world. It is clear that FGM persists because of the depth of belief the communities hold. Without this tradition,much of the community’s foundations will collapse. The foundations that FGM is based on cannot all be eliminated,but instead,FGM can only be modified if the revision includes minimal change. The replacement of the bloody ritual needs to fulfill the same kind of satisfaction that FGM meets. A possible solution is in education as a ritualistic tradition. However,the current literature does not define the problem effectively through the numerous cultures and geographic locations. Instead,each culture or location has its own specifications of the practice. Since this tradition is unable to be generalized given its numerous variations,a solution must include the development of a systematic study. Female genital mutilation must become generalizable so the changes implemented can have a systematic approach. This change will not happen over night,but will take place over many years of implementing small modifications. Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Female Genital Self-Image in Women With and Without Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting in Jeddah,Saudi Arabia (2020)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): A Rouzi FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: obstretics and gynaecological. Objective: to assess whether women with and without FGM/C differed with regard to female genital self-image. Study Population: adult women Findings: one-fifth(18.2%) of the women self reported having undergone FGM/C as young girls. Women with FGM/C had a similar female genital self-image scale score as women with no FGM/C. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Asia Country(ies):Saudi Arabia Source

Female life expectancy,maternal mortality,fertility and birth rates of female genital mutilation high prevalence countries (2020)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): H Okagbue,O Ijezie,V Samusenkov,E Erondu,G Eze FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: obstretics and gynaecological. Objective: to explore the female life expectancy (LEF),maternal mortality ratio (MMR),total fertility rate (TFR) and birth rates (BR) of FGM/C high prevalence countries and establish some relationship among the different health indices Study Population: girls and women Findings: Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Female sexual dysfunction among married women from the Nile Delta of Egypt (2019)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Mustafa,A. I.,El Esawy,F. M.,& Fawzy,I. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: We aimed at being the first to assess the prevalence and possible risk factors of FSD among a sample of married Egyptian women from the Nile Delta region in Egypt Study Population: The present cross-sectional descriptive study of 5,600 married sexually active females (18–59years old) attending Dermatology and Andrology outpatient clinic and the family planning clinic in Benha University Hospitals and/or their relatives coming with them Findings: 45.6% of studied participants were suffering from sexual dysfunction versus 54.6 who had normal sexual functioning. Logistic regression analysis was conducted for prediction of factors associated with sexual dysfunction using age,duration of marriage,education level,residence,and female genital mutilation as covariates. Older age,longer duration of the marriage,lower educational level,female genital mutilation,older male partner age,male erection,and ejaculation problems were associated with sexual dysfunction in univariable and multivariable analyses,respectively. Conclusions: The current study is one of the first attempts to evaluate the prevalence of FSD among married women from the Nile Delta of Egypt. It was revealed that FSD was highly prevalent among studied participants. Combined female participant and male partner factors were significantly associated with the high prevalence of this problem Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Egypt Source