Female genital mutilation: A literature review of the current status of legislation and policies in 27 African countries and Yemen (2015)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Muthumbi J, Svanemyr J, Scolaro E, Temmerman M, Say L FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To discuss the results of a literature review that assessed the impact of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) legislation in 28 countries (27 in Africa and Yemen) where FGM/C is concentrated Study Population: Relied on articles Findings: The study concluded that while the majority of countries had adopted legal frameworks prohibiting FGM/C,these measures were ineffective in preventing and/or in accelerating the abandonment of the practice Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa,Eastern Africa,Middle Africa,Western Asia,Northern Africa Country(ies):Benin,Burkina Faso,Cameroon,Central African Republic,Chad,Côte d’Ivoire,Djibouti,Egypt,Eritrea,Ethiopia,Gambia,Ghana,Guinea,Guinea-Bissau,Kenya,Liberia,Mali,Mauritania,Niger,Nigeria,Senegal,Sierra Leone,Somalia,Sudan,Tanzania,Togo,Uganda,Yemen Source

September 8, 2023

Female genital mutilation: a midwife’s experience (2001)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding III FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Parkin Julie FGM/C Type(s): III Health area of focus: None. Objective: To account the reflections that were made by the author after providing care for the first time,to an infibulated woman and the general issues raised by the knowledge gained Study Population: Women Findings: The author concludes by stating that it was optimistic but naıve for nurses and midwives to expect FGM/C will die out as women are exposed to Western mores; indeed,there were signs of reinforcement of entrenched gender division in some segments of migrant communities. By turning a blind eye to the issue,practitioners unwittingly perpetuated discrimination against girls of specific ethnic origin. Nurses must prioritize safety over cultural sensitivity,and this requires a more sophisticated understanding of ethical dilemmas in a multicultural society. Equality and diversity are often presented as complementary values,but sometimes they are in conflict Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Female genital mutilation: a multi-country study (2015)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Koustuv Dalal,Ming-Shinn Lee,Gainel Ussatayeva,Mervyn Gifford FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: The focus of the current study is the extent of FGM,the association of demographic and economic factors with FGM and women’s beliefs and attitudes towards FGM in Egypt,Guinea,Mali and Sierra Leone. Study Population: Women Findings: In Egypt 94%,in Guinea 97%,in Mali 89% and in Sierra Leone,91%) women had genital mutilation. The majority of the respondents believe that FGM that FGM is socially acceptable and a religious obligation. Majority of the respondents believe that FGM helps to maintain virginity and that it leads to better marriage prospects and the prevention of adultery. The majority of women in the four countries argued in favor for the continuation of FGM. There is an inverse relationship between FGM and higher education and affluence. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa,Northern Africa Country(ies):Egypt,Guinea,Mali,Sierra Leone Source

Female Genital Mutilation: A Prospective View (2001)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Dandash,Khadiga F.; Refaat,Amany H.; Eyada,Moustafa FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To survey the circumcision status,circumstances of circumcision procedures,and attitudes towards circumcising female students in nursing secondary schools Study Population: Medical Students  Findings: The study results showed that all the students surveyed were circumcised. The peak ages for circumcision performance were between 10 and 12 years. About 60% of operations were performed by physicians and about 80% were done under anaesthesia at home. Rural residence was the main variable influencing the continuation of this practice in a culture in which traditions and habits are strongly respected Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Egypt Source

Female genital mutilation: A socio-cultural gang up against womanhood (2010)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Akintunde,Dorcas Olubanke FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: The article uses the voices of women to investigate the horror of the cultural practice of female genital mutilation Study Population: Women Findings: The study found that case studies graphically illustrate the way in which the bodies of young girls are literally moulded for male satisfaction,physical,religious and cultural Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Nigeria Source

Female Genital Mutilation: a study in Aboabo,a suburb of Kumasi,Ghana (2008)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Awuah J FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To look at womens’ knowledge towards FGM Study Population: Women Findings: Aboabo still indulge in the practice,though some regret practising it. The women also confessed and confirmed complications they had during labour and delivery because of genital mutilation Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Ghana Source

Female genital mutilation: a systematic review of research on its economic and social impacts across four decades (2016)

This study is a Systematic Review regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Mpinga,E. K.,Macias,A.,Hasselgard-Rowe,J.,Kandala,N. B.,Félicien,T. K.,Verloo,H.,et. al. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective:  characterize over a 40-year period the scientific output on the consequences of FGM in African countries,the most affected region known for the high prevalence of FGM,and review data on the socioeconomic consequences of the practice. Study Population: Relied on articles Findings: The publication of articles on the consequences of FGM is increasing,but there is little researchon the socioeconomic consequences of the practice. More scientific data focusing on this dimension isnecessary to strengthen prevention,advocacy,and intervention campaigns. Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source

Female genital mutilation: A tragedy for women’s reproductive health (2013)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Hamid Rushwan FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: N/A. Objective: To review the problem(FGM) ,discuss the consequences to health for women and girls,and suggests ways to eradicate the practice. Study Population: Relied on articles Findings: FGM constitutes a major public health problem affecting the health of women and girls in the countries where it is practiced,subjecting them to serious health consequences. Concerted efforts need to be exerted by the community,policymakers,healthcare professionals and others to eliminate this tragic practice. Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Europe Country(ies):United Kingdom Source

Female genital mutilation: an analysis of 522 cases in South-Western Nigeria (2004)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding I,II FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): F Dare, V Oboro, S Fadiora, E Orji, A Sule-Odu, T Olabode FGM/C Type(s): I,II Health area of focus: None. Objective: To highlight the need for further interventions aimed at discouraging the practice of female genital mutilation Study Population: Women Findings: The results of the study showed that all the patients had either Type I (69%) or Type II (31%) mutilation (using WHO classification). The average age at which the procedure was performed was 6.9 ± 2.9 years,with 4% of women having the procedure performed in pregnancy. The majority of the procedures were performed by medically untrained personnel (89%). Up to 67% of the women reported complications following the procedure. Severe pain and bleeding were the most common (69%) of the complications reported. The most common reason given for the procedure is cultural/traditional (63%). About a fifth of the women want their female child to undergo female genital mutilation Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Nigeria Source

Female Genital Mutilation: An Analysis through Capability Approach and Cultural Relativism (2013)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Jasser El-Sissi,Marisol Perez O’Connor,Marissa Vera FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: The purpose of this research is to discover the roots and background of fgm in Africa,what cultural and religious beliefs make this practice wildly spread in different parts in Africa. Moreover,this paper discusses whether fgm is simply and traditional cultural practice or if it is a human rights violation Study Population: Analyzing literature by both Nussbaum and Herskovits on the Capability Approach and Cultural Relativism with the intention to discuss two disagreeing sides of the practice of fgm,relied on scientific books that explain method and methodology in detail in order to find the appropriate and fitting ones for our research for our more factual based section of the thesis we will be relying on world organization websites like WHO and the UN including their facts and articles that explain fgm and its characteristics and its international legal status. Findings: The issue of FGM in a theoretical context and in order to back up the analysis we gave factual based information on FGM with regards to African culture and history. This has been done specifically with Mali in focus in order to narrow down the facts. The method of choice was the qualitative content analysis,as its view on the role of the researcher was the most applicable to our research. Our methodological choice for the paper was the Constructivist methodology; this methodology has a complex view on the individual interpretation of the society and the differences in human interpretation of a certain truth. It also provides its own analysis of how the researcher should access “knowledge”,this being that the researcher needs to have foreknowledge before any research project in order to conduct proper research. Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Mali Source