A case of vulval swelling secondary to female circumcision posing a diagnostic dilemma (2012)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Amu Okwudili C,Emeka Udeh,Anthony Ugochukwu,Chukwudi Madu,Martin A Nzegwu FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Gynaecological. Objective: To highlight the diagnostic dilemma associated with this type of case and the psychological trauma of a patient following her unfortunate genital mutilations. Study Population: Girls Findings: Histology showed epidermoid inclusion dermoid cyst probably related to circumcision (female genital mutilation). Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Africa Country(ies):Nigeria Source

September 8, 2023

A case study perspective on psychological outcomes after female genital mutilation (2012)

This study is a Explanatory research regarding I,II FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Pereda N.,M. Arch,and A. Perez-Gonzalez FGM/C Type(s): I,II Health area of focus: Psychological. Objective: To describe the mental health status and sexual life of genitally-mutilated women who had emigrated to a European country Study Population: Genitally-mutilated women who had emigrated to a European country Findings: The results obtained highlight the need for European professionals to develop greater knowledge about FGM and its serious consequences,especially as regards sexuality. This is particularly important given the large numbers of immigrant women now residing within EU countries. Geographical coverage Region(s):Southern Europe Country(ies):Spain Source

A case-control study on the association between female genital mutilation and sexually transmitted infections in Sudan (2006)

This study is a Correlation research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Elmusharaf S,Elkhidir I,Hoffmann S,Almroth  FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Gynaecological. Objective: To assess whether the extent of female genital mutilation (FGM) influences the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections (STIs) Study Population: Women Findings: There was a little difference between cases and controls in regard to FGM. Having in mind the relatively small sample size,the results still indicate that FGM seems neither to be a risk factor for nor protective against acquiring STIs. This is important as argument against traditional beliefs that FGM protects against pre/extramarital sex. Of the cases,85% had undergone the most severe form of FGM involving labia majora compared with 78% of controls. Thus,there was no association between serological evidence of STIs and extent of FGM. The only factor that differed significantly between the groups was the education level,cases with STIs having significantly shorter education (P = 0.03) than controls Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Sudan Source

A cautionary case of female genital mutilation (2007)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding III FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Ahmed B,Abushama M FGM/C Type(s): III Health area of focus: Gynaecological. Objective: To report a case of a tightly circumcised woman who bled irregularly throughout her first year of marriage but failed to conceive Study Population: Women Findings: The study examination revealed a tightly circumcised vulva with Grade III female genital mutilation (FGM) and a pinhole opening of the vagina. She was admitted as a day case. Under general anesthesia the vulval opening was extended to 3 cm. exposing a large cervical polyp subsequently confirmed as benign. This was removed with minimal bleeding. Hysteroscopy and examination under anesthesia showed no other pathology. No further bleeding occurred and she became pregnant within three months Geographical coverage Region(s):Western Asia Country(ies):Qatar Source

A community based study on the change of practice of female genital mutilation in a Sudanese village (2001)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Almroth L, Almroth-Berggren V, Hassanein OM, El Hadi N, Al-Said SS, Hasan SS, Lithell UB, Bergström S. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To investigate the practice of female genital mutilation (FGM),among young and old parents Study Population: young parents and grandparents Findings: All female respondents had undergone FGM. Of the young respondents,44% had decided not to let their daughters undergo FGM. Young fathers were more involved in the decision process than previously known,especially when decisions were taken not to perform FGM. Tradition and social pressure were the main motives for performing FGM. Sexuality was an important aspect,mentioned both as motives for and against FGM. Religious belief and education level significantly affected to what extent FGM was practiced. The study indicated a significant shift in practice between generations,young parents starting to question the value of FGM. Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Sudan Source

A Community-Based Intervention: Impact of an Educational Program in Exchanging Knowledge,Attitude,and Practices of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM). Health Care :. (2017)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Khalil,A. I.,& Orabi,A. M. FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: N/A. Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of an educational program at changing the knowledge,attitudes,and practices of school teachers towards FGM Study Population: Teachers in a school setting Findings: The educational program was effective at changing the knowledge,attitudes,and future practices of female teachers towards FGM. Therefore,addressing mothers through ongoing educational activities is needed to increase their awareness about the dangers of FGC and to change attitudes towards its continuation. Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Egypt Source

A comparative study exploring the perceptions of FGM with Somali women born in South Wales and women born in Somalia,but now living in Wales (2014)

This study is a Exploratory research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Soleman Mymuna FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To explore whether there are any differences in perceptions and awareness of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) amongst women in the Somali community born and resident in Cardiff,South Wales and women born in Somalia,now resident in Cardiff,South Wales Study Population: Women within the age range of 19-35 years ol Findings: The findings suggested that FGM is prevalent in the Somali community in Cardiff and there is a strong awareness of the practice in both groups. The findings also show that the majority in both groups favoured total eradication of FGM,amongst those who did not,there was a distinction between the types of FGM supported. The group born in South Wales accepted the less severe form or ‘sunna’ type whereas from the group born in Somalia,the more drastic form seemed to be acceptable. The research findings also identified a small minority of women who had very entrenched views on FGM. Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Europe Country(ies):United Kingdom Source

A Complication of Female Circumcision: Vaginal Stenosis and Total Incontinence Due to Urethral Intercourse (2015)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding III FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Arslan Deniz,Bozkurt Ozan,Birge Özer,Demir Ömer and Esen Adil FGM/C Type(s): III Health area of focus: Gynaecological,urinary,sexual. Objective: To present a Complication of Female Circumcision: Vaginal Stenosis and Total Incontinence Due to Urethral Intercourse Study Population: a case of 21-year-old female with total urinary incontinence due to type 3 FGM Findings: A 21-year-old female,who was married for 3 years and had no child,was admitted with urinary incontinence. She was complaining of pain and discomfort,bleeding and much more urinary incontinence during sexual intercourse. She described a few unsuccessful intercourse experiences since married and her husband married another woman because she could not try more because of great pain during sexual intercourse. She described extreme groin and flank pain during menstrual period. She described a small amount of bleeding during menstrual period. Physical examination revealed that she had undergone type 3 FGM. Vaginal introitus was totally closed. The vagina was totally closed due to the fibrosis and adhesions caused by type 3 FGM. No pathologic finding was detected on abdominal USG examination. For this case,extreme pain during intercourse with concomitant urinary incontinence during and after sexual intercourse was reported. Thereafter,total incontinence developed. A small orifice was seen in the vaginal introitus. Ten Fr urinary catheter could not be placed. It was seen that the urethral orifice was so enlarged that insertion of two fingers was possible. She underwent vaginoplasty and megaurethra plication for reconstruction. Geographical coverage Region(s):Northern Africa Country(ies):Sudan Source

A comprehensive research study on Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting in Iran (2015)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Kameel Ahmady FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: None. Objective: To provide in-depth data on FGM in Iran Study Population: Men and women Findings: Given that the different religious and ethnic groups are dispersed in all these provinces,drawing an exact FGM-affected map with rates of FGM is problematic and unlikely. For example,practicing FGM in Iranian Kurdistan is patchy and will show sharp variations from one region to another,even from one village to nearby village. In some cases elements of FGM tradition are very evident but in others (even nearby villages),FGM has been in decline for the past two or three generations. Changing times and modern life,the death and non-replacement of Bibis,lack of willingness to accept FGM by the younger generation,education,and the impact of the media,as well as some level of support from the clerics,are all factors in the declining rate of FGM. Geographical coverage Region(s):Southern Asia Country(ies):Iran Source

A Comprehensive Review of the Clitoris and Its Role in Female Sexual Function (2015)

This study is a Descriptive research regarding All FGM/C with the following characteristics: Author(s): Donna Mazloomdoost and Rachel N. Pauls FGM/C Type(s): All Health area of focus: Importance of clitoris in sexual health. Objective: To review clitoral anatomy,its role in sexual functioning,the controversies of vaginal eroticism and the female prostate,as well as address potential impacts of pelvic surgery on its function Study Population: NA Findings: The study examined available evidence (from 1950 until 2015) relating to clitoral anatomy,the clitoral role in sexual functioning,vaginal eroticism,female prostate,female genital mutilation/cutting,and surgical implications for the clitoris. The study found that the intricate neurovasculature and multiplanar design of the clitoris contributed to its role in female sexual pleasure. Normal sexual function may remain intact,however,after surgical procedures involving the clitoris and surrounding structures. The study concluded that the clitoris is possibly the most critical organ for female sexual health. Its importance is highlighted by the fact that the practice of female genital cutting is often used to attenuate the female sexual response and as such FGM reduces sexual health Geographical coverage Region(s):Not specified Country(ies):Not specified Source